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Phases of Cell Division

Phases of Cell Division. Interphase (stage between cell division) Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase By: Ms. Reis. Review. Each body cell has 2 sets of 23 chromosomes Therefore a normal human cell has 46 chromosomes. Cell Division.

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Phases of Cell Division

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  1. Phases of Cell Division • Interphase (stage between cell division) • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase By: Ms. Reis

  2. Review • Each body cell has 2 sets of 23 chromosomes • Therefore a normal human cell has 46 chromosomes

  3. Cell Division Cells divide for several reasons: • To repair and heal tissues • To exchange materials efficiently with their environment. Food comes in and wastes go out. • To send messages to the nucleus efficiently.

  4. Mitosis Mitosis is a process of cell division producing two daughter cells from a single parent cell. The daughter cells are identical to one another and to the original parent cell. Note: Parent cell - the cell that divides Daughter cell – the cells that result from cell division

  5. Down Syndrome

  6. Karyotype • A photograph showing the number, shapes and sizes of chromosomes in a cell. • All pairs of chromosomes are homologus (identical in size and shape) except the sex chromosomes (23rd pair) • One chromosome comes from the father (paternal) one chromosome comes from the mother (maternal

  7. The Cell Cycle

  8. Interphase • The cell prepares for mitosis by growing rapidly • Chromosomes duplicate in the nucleus • Longest stage of the cell cycle

  9. Chromatin • DNA molecules & proteins in a tangled fibrous mass during interphase. Chromatin is composed of 60% protein, 35 % DNA, and 5 % RNA.

  10. Centromeres • The original chromosome and its duplicate are attached at the centromere. • Sister chromatids – the original chromosome and its duplicate while attached at the centromere.

  11. Prophase • Chromosomes shorten and thicken • Nuclear membrane dissolves • Centrioles move to opposite poles of cell in animal cells • Formation of spindle fibers

  12. Metaphase • 46 sister chromatids line up at the equatorial plate.

  13. Anaphase • Spindle fibers pull sister chromatids (duplicated chromosomes) apart to the opposite end of the cell. • Centromeres divide.

  14. Telophase • Cell begins to pinch in two • New nuclear membrane starts to form • Cytokinesis -division of the cytoplasm and organelles between both daughter cells

  15. Conclusion • Each new cell ends up with the same amount of genetic material as the original cell. • Both daughter cells are identical to the parent cells.

  16. Cytokinesis • In animal cells the cell membrane pinches inward at the equator of the cell, producing a furrow. • In plant cells a cell plate is formed across the equator of the cell. Cellulose is added to the cell plate to form a new cell wall.

  17. Discussion Question • How many chromosomes would you expect to find in each daughter cell after mitosis? • Predict what might happen to each daughter cell if all the chromosomes moved to only one side of the cell during anaphase. • Why is it necessary to duplicate the nuclear material?

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