Terms

1. Terms

2. Acacia (Golden Wattle)(Acacia pycnantha) • Description • Phyllodes: modified petioles (parallel veins) • Evergreen • Fruit • Legume • Flower • Yellow • Location • Australia • Chemical • Tannins • Uses • Perfume • Family • Fabaceae (pea family)

3. Beavertail Cactus (Opuntiabasilaris) • Description • Leaves modified into Glochids • Stems modified as Chladophylls • Fruit: fleshy red fruit (pear) • Flower: Yellow to red • Location: SW United States • Chemical • none • Use • Can be eaten • Family: • Cactaceae

4. Bladderpod(Isomerisarborea) • Description • Compound leaves with 3 leaflets • Leaves alternate • Evergreen • Fruit: Capsule • Flower: Yellow • Location: • Endemic to California • Desert Regions • Chemical • Strong odor to reduce predation • Uses • None • Family • Capparaceae

5. Brazilian Pepper (Schinusterebinthifolius) • Description • Pinnately Compound leaves • Leaves alternate • Evergreen • Fruit: Drupe • Flower: small white • Location: • Tropical and subtropical South America • Chemical • Aromatic sap that may burn • May act as a narcotic on birds who eat berries • Uses • Ornamental • Family • Anacardiaceae (Sumac family)

6. Black Sage (Salvia mellifera) • Description • Simple leaves with small hairs • Drought Deciduous • Fruit: Schizocarp • Flower: blue or lavender in stacked balls • Location: • CSS & Chaparral • Chemical • Diterpenoids used as pain relievers • Use • Rub on sore feet • Chumash brewed as sun tea • Nectar used to make honey • Family • Lamiaceae (Mint family)

7. Bulrush (Schoenoplectuscalifornicus) • Description • Triangular leaf • Sedge-like • Fruit: grain • Flower: brown or tan panicle inflorescence • Location: • Indicator of Freshwater in North and South America • Chemical • none • Use • Used by Native Americans to make baskets, rope, canoes • Family • Cyperaceae

8. California Buckeye (Aesculuscalifornica) • Description • Palmately Compound with five leaflets • Deciduous • Fruit: Capsule • Flower: Large white to pink • Location: only Buckeye endemic to California • Chemical • neurotoxic glycoside aesculin, which causes hemolysis of red blood cells. • Use • Used by Native Americans to kill fish • Toxic to honeybees • Family • Sapindaceae

9. California Buckwheat (Eriogonumfasciculatum) • Description • Leaves in clusters • Evergreen • Fruit: Grain • Flower: white or brown clusters • Location: Southwestern United States – CCS and Chaparral • Chemical • None • Use • treatment of headache, diarrhea, and wounds • Good for heart • Erosion control • Source of food for honeybees in summer months • Family • Polygonaceae

10. California Redbud (Cercisoccidentalis) • Description • Simple heart-shaped leaves • Deciduous • Fruit: Legume • Flower: Large Pink or red • Location: Western United States • Chemical • None • Use • Wood Veneer • Erosion control • Red bark used for baskets • Family • Fabeaceae (Pea family)

11. California Sagebrush (Artemisia californica) • Description • Slender flexible stems with thin pinnate leaves • Evergreen • Fruit: achene • Flower: narrow inflorescence which are yellowish • Location: Native to California and Baja in CSS and Chaparral • Chemical • Terpenes to reduce competition and predation • Use • Erosion control • Reduce digestive issues • Family • Asteraceae (Sunflower family)

12. Caster Bean(Ricinuscommunis) • Description • Palmate alternate Leaves • Evergreen • Fruit: Spiny capsule (not a true bean) • Flower: panicle-like inflorescence which are reddish in color • Location: Native to California and Baja in CSS and Chaparral • Chemical • Ricin (deadly) • Use • Source of Caster Oil used for digestive cleansing • lubricant • Family • Euphorbiaceae

13. Catalina Cherry(Prunusilicifolia) • Description • Simple toothed alternating leaves (vary) • Evergreen • Fruit: Drupe with large pit • Flower: small white • Location: Native to California and Baja in CSS and Chaparral • Chemical • Tannins • Use • Native Americans made a fermented drink • Family • Rosaceae (Rose Family)

14. Catalina Ironwood(Lyonothamnusfloribundus) • Description • Compound Leaves (fernlike) • Evergreen • Fruit: Capsule • Flower: Cream • Location: Endemic to Catalina Island • Chemical • None • Use • Ornamental but seeds not very viable • Family • Rosaceae (Rose family)

15. Cattail(Typha sp.) • Description • Flat simple leaf • Evergreen • Fruit: nut • Flower: Dense Brown Spike (wind dispersed) • Location: Indicator of fresh water in Northern Hemisphere • Chemical • None • Use • Rhizomes are edible • Family • Typhaceae

16. Ceonothus (Mt. Lilac)(Ceonothus sp.) • Description • Simple leaf with three prominent veins • Evergreen • Fruit: Capsule • Flower: Blue • Location: Endemic to California in chaparral • Chemical • None • Use • Eaten by Deer • Used for teas • Baskets • Family • Rhamnaceae

17. Coast Live Oak(Quercusagrifolia) • Description • Simple convex leaves with dentate margins • Hairs in axils in leaves • Evergreen • No undergrowth due to shade and Tannins • Fruit: Nut • Flower: Catkins • Location: Coast of California • Chemical • Tannins • Use • Food • Charcoal • Family • Fagaceae

18. Coffee Berry(Rhamnuscalifornica) • Description • Simple, reddish bark on stems • Evergreen • Fruit: Drupe • Flower: Greenish • Location • Southwestern United States, Chaparral • Chemical • none • Uses • Ornamental not as well liked by deer • Erosion control • Heal burns and rashed • Used as laxative • Family: Rhamnaceae

19. Coyote Bush(Baccharispilularis) • Description • Simple leaves that are often sticky • Various shapes determined by location • Large root system • Fruit: Achenes • Flower: small white or yellow • Location • Southwestern United States, Chaparral • Chemical • Oils to prevent predation • Uses • Secondary pioneer plant • Family • Asteraceae (Sunflower family)

20. Elderberry(Sambucus sp.) • Description • Pinnately compound leaves with 5-9 leaflets • Deciduous • Fruit: True berry • Flower: Yellow in a umbella structure • Location • Temperate to subtropical regions of the world mostly Northern hemisphere • Chemical • none • Uses • Wine • Syrup • Family • Adoxaceae

21. Encelia or Brittlebush(Encelia sp.) • Description • White leaves • Evergreen • Fruit: Acene • Flower: Yellow • Location • U.S. Desert • Chemical • none • Uses • Glue, Sealer, Gum, Incense • Treat toothaches • Family • Asteraceae (Sunflower family)

22. Eucalyptus(Eucalyptus sp.) • Description • 700 species • Alternate simple leaves • Evergreen • Gum Trees • Peeling bark • Fruit: Capsule • Flower: vary in color with an operculum • Location • Australia • Chemical • Terpenoids (aromatic) • Uses • Planted to lower the water table • Make pulp for paper • Antiseptic • Food additives • Insect repellent • Family • Myrtaceae

23. Flannel Bush (Fremontodendron sp.) • Description • Simple 3-lobed leaves • Evergreen • Fuzzy texture – modified hairs called trichomes • Fruit: Capsule • Flower: Large yellowish orange Flowers • Location: Southwest U.S. and Mexico • Chemical • None • Use • Water conservation gardens • Family • Malvaceae

24. Fremont Cottonwood (Populusfremontii) • Description • Simple leaf with long flattened petiole • Deciduous • Fruit: Achene • Flower: Catkins • Location: Southwest U.S. and Northern Mexico in riparian areas • Chemical • None • Use • Erosion control • Fuel and fence posts • Family • Salicaceae

25. Fringe Tree (Chionanthusvirginicus) • Description • Simple leaf with long flattened petiole • Deciduous • Fruit: Drupe • Flower: Larger white • Location: Eastern U.S. • Chemical • None • Use • Dried bark and roots used to treat inflammation • Crushed bark used to treat sores and wounds • Family • Oleaceae

26. Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) • Description • Simple leaf which is fan shaped • Deciduous • Fruit: None • Flower: None • Location: China • Chemical • Butyric Acid • Use • Decorative – only males planted in this country • Family • Ginkgoaceae

27. Horehound(Marrubiumvulgare) • Description • Simple leaf with crinkled appearance • Fruit: Berry • Flower: White clusters on stem • Location: Europe, Africa and Asia • Chemical • Essential oils • Use • Antimicrobial and anticancer properties • Candy • Grasshopper repellent • Invasive Weed • Family • Laminaceae (Mint family)

28. Incense Cedar(Calocedrusdecurrens) • Description • Scaled leaves in flat sprays • Branches Flexible • Fruit: None • Flower: None • Location: North America • Chemical • None • Use • Pencils • Light fires • Family • Cupressaceae

29. Indian Paintbrush(Castilleja sp.) • Description • Clover like leaves • Fruit: Capsule • Flower: red, orange to yellow (bracts) • Location: North America • Chemical • None • Use • Eaten as greens • Hairwash • Dye • Family • Orobanchaceae

30. Jacaranda(Jacaranda sp.) • Description • Doubly compound leaves • Fruit: Capsule • Flower: Purple – often sticky • Location: Central and South America • Chemical • None • Use • Ornamental plants • Acoustic guitars • Family • Bignoniaceae

31. Jimson Weed(Daturastramonium) • Description • Large simple toothed leaves • Fruit: Capsule • Flower: Large white to purple • Location: Americas • Chemical • Atropine • Use • Relieve asthma symptoms • hallucinogen • Family • Solanaceae

32. Jojoba(Simmondsiachinensis) • Description • Simple leaves that stand erect • Fruit: Capsule • Flower: small greenish yellow • Location: North America • Chemical • Oil (liquid wax ester) • Use • Laxative • Salve • Biodiesel fuel • Cosmetics • Family • Simmondsiaceae

33. Laurel Sumac(Malosmalaurina) • Description • Large Simple Leaves with reddish edges • Fruit: Drupe • Flower: Small white • Location: Southern California, CSS and Chaparral • Chemical • Volatile compounds • Use • Tea for dysentery • Crown sprouting • Fire adapted • Family • Anacardiaceae (Sumac family)

34. Lemonade Berry(Rhusintegrifolia) • Description • Large Simple and alternating • Evergreen • Reddish twigs • Fruit: Berry • Flower: Small rosy pink • Location: Southern California, Chaparral • Chemical • Tannins • Use • Lemonade like drink • Make candles • Family • Anacardiaceae (Sumac family)

35. Liquid Amber(Lizuidamberstyraciflua) • Description • Large Simple and palmate • Deciduous • Fruit: Woody Capsule • Flower: greenish • Location: Southwestern U.S. • Chemical • Styrax – • Use • Plywood, furniture, cabinets • Chewing gum • Family • Altingiaceae

36. Mesquite(Prosopis sp.) • Description • Deciduous • Doubly pinnate compound leaves • Long Taproot (up to 200 ft) • Thorns • Fruit: Legume • Flower: Catkins with pale green or yellow flowers • Location: Southern Deserts • Chemical • None • Use • Food (flour) • Furniture • Barbecues • Family • Fabaceae (Pea family)

37. Mulefat(Baccharissalicifolia.) • Description • Simple Leaves • Sticky foliage • Fruit: small achene • Flower: small fuzzy pink or red-tinged white flowers • Location: Southwest United States CSS and Chaparral and deserts • Chemical • None • Use • Erosion control • Family • Asteraceaea (Sunflower family)

38. Mustard(Bassica sp.) • Description • Annual • Fruit: Silque • Flower: Yellow • Location: Native to Mediterranean Europe • Chemical • None • Use • Pioneer plant (indicator of distrubance) • Cooking oil • Spice • High in Vitamin C • Family • Brassicaceae (Mustard family)

39. Palm Tree(Washingtonia sp.) • Description • Evergreen • Skirt • Near water (Oasis) • Fruit: Drupe • Flower: small and insignificant • Location: • California • Mexico • Chemical • None • Use • Food • Baskets • Thatch Roofs • Family • Arecaceae

40. Palo Verde(Parkinsoniamicrophylla) • Description • Green bark • Small leaves that are drought deciduous • Fruit: Legume • Flower: pale yellow • Location: • Mojave Desert, Sonoran Desert • Chemical • None • Use • Food (flour) • Family • Fabaceae (Pea family)

41. Pampas Grass(Cortaderiaselloana) • Description • Tall grass with leaves that cut when going toward center of plant • Fruit: Grain • Flower: dense white panicles • Location: • Southern South America • Chemical • None • Use • Flower arrangements • Family • Poaceaea (Grass family)

42. Pine Tree(Pinus sp.) • Description • Leaves are needles grouped into fascicles • Branches flexible • Fruit: None • Flower: None • Location: • Worldwide • Chemical • None • Use • wood • Furniture, floors • Family • Pinaceae

43. Sago Palm(CycasRevoluta) • Description • Palm-like • Fruit: None • Flower: None • Location: Old World • Chemical • Alkaloids, tannins, steroids • Use • Ornamental • Family • Cycadaceae

44. Southern Black Walnut(Juglansnigra) • Description • Compound leaves • Deciduous • Slight odor • Fruit: Drupe • Flower: green catkins • Location: New World • Chemical • None • Use • Flooring, furniture • Food • Family • Juglandaceae

45. Southern Magnolia(Magnolia grandiflora) • Description • Thick Waxy Leaves – rusty pubescence underneath • Fruit: Follicle • Flower: Large White • Location: Southeastern U.S. • Chemical • None • Use • Ornamental • Make furniture, pallets and veneer • Family • Magnoliaceae

46. Sugar Bush(RhusOvata) • Description • Large simple leaves with reddish twigs • Ovate leaves that are folded along the midrib • Fruit: drupe • Flower: small, pink • Location: Southern California in chaparral. • Chemical • Tannins • Use • Ornamental • Family • Anacardiaceae (Sumac family)

47. Sweet Bay (Laurus sp.) • Description • Glossy simple leaves • Evergreen • Fruit: True berry • Flower: Pale yellow green • Location: Native to Mediterranean climate • Chemical • Cineole oil • Use • Astringent • Olympic Wreaths • Cooking (spices) • Family • Lauraceae

48. Toyon(Heteromeles (Photonia) arbutifolia) • Description • Christmas Berry • Simple leaf - dentate • Evergreen • Fruit: pome • Flower: small, white • Location: Southern California in chaparral and CSS. • Chemical • Tannins • Glycocides • Use • Ornamental • Jelly from fruit • Tea for stomach ailments • Family • Rosaceae (Rose family)

49. Tree Tobacco(Nicotianaglauca) • Description • Heart shaped leaves • Fruit: Capsule • Flower: Yellow tubular • Location: South America • Chemical • Nicotine • Use • Smoked • Treat swelling and bruises • Biofuel • Family • Solanaceae

50. Western Sycamore(Plananusracemosa) • Description • Large palmate leaves that are pubescent • Deciduous • Peeling Bark • Fruit: achene • Flower: inflorescence • Location: California and Baja • Chemical • None • Use • Ornamental • Family • Platanaceae