Muscle Names & Movement

1. Muscle Names & Movement October 21, 2019

2. Rules of Muscle Movement • All muscles have at least two points of attachment. • The origin is attached to the less movable bone • The insertion is attached to the more moveable bone. • Muscles can only contract / pull. They cannot push. • During contraction, the muscle insertion moves toward the origin. interactive animation! If muscles can’t push, how do we do the opposite movement? How do we extend the arm?

3. Rules of Muscle Movement • All muscles have at least two points of attachment. • The origin is attached to the less movable bone • The insertion is attached to the more moveable bone. • Muscles can only contract / pull. They cannot push. • During contraction, the muscle insertion moves toward the origin. interactive animation! Different muscles – called antagonists – do the opposite movement. Example: biceps flexes the elbow while the triceps extends the muscle.

4. Movements • Flexion – a movement that decreases the angle between two bones, bringing them closer together. • Extension – a movement that increases the angle between two bones, putting them farther apart. • Hyperextension – extension of a joint beyond its normal range of motion

5. Movements • abduction – movement of a limb away from the midline of the body. • adduction – movement of a limb towards the midline of the body

6. Movements • rotation – movement of a bone raround its longitudinal axis • circumduction – the proximal end of a limb is stationary while the distal end moves in a circle

7. Movements of the foot • dorsiflexion – lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin • plantar flexion – pointing the toes • inversion – turning sole medially • eversion – turning sole laterally

8. Movements of radius and ulna • supination – turning the palm so that it faces anteriorly mnemonic: cupping a bowl of soup in your palm • pronation– turning the palm so that it faces posteriorly

9. Movements Get bonus points for (correct) unique responses! Contest time! Work with a partner to come up with as many ways to do each of the following movements as possible: • Flexion • Extension • Hyperextension • Abduction • Adduction • circumduction

10. Types of Muscles Note: Muscles often have different roles for different motions. For example, a prime mover for one motion is usually the antagonist for the opposite motion.

11. Muscles of the anterior face and neck No muscle diagrams this year!! But you need to know general location and actions … Whoop!

12. Muscles of respiration

13. Muscles of abdominal wall

14. Muscles that move the humerus

15. Muscles that move the forearm Fun Fact: Biceps curls should really be called brachialis curls!

16. Muscles that move the thigh Fun Fact: Gluteus maximus is one of the strongest muscles of the body

17. Muscles that move the lower leg

18. Practice What muscle(s) – • Extend forearm at elbow • Flex forearm at elbow • Supinate arm • Extend humerus at shoulder • Flex humerus at shoulder • Rotate humerus at shoulder • Stabilizes humerus • Let us breathe in • Let us breathe out forcefully triceps brachii brachialis, biceps brachii biceps brachii (prime mover), latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major latissimus dorsi pectoralis major rotator cuffs (prime mover), latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major rotator cuffs (major!), triceps brachii, diaphragm (always!), external intercostals (forceful inhale) internal intercostals & abdominal rectus

19. Practice What muscle(s) – • Extend femur at hip • Flex femur at hip • Extend lower leg at knee • Flex lower leg at knee • Flex upper body • Flex & rotate upper body • Flex & rotate head • Close jaw • Close eyes • Purse mouth Gluteus maximus, hamstrings Iliopsoas, quadriceps quadriceps hamstrings Rectus abdominus, obliques obliques sternocleidomastoid Masseter, temporalis Orbicularis oculi Orbicularis oris

20. Practice Which muscle(s) • Is an antagonist of elbow flexion? • Is a primer mover of thigh extension? • Is a fixator of elbow flexion? • Are antagonists of knee extension? • Are synergists of vertebral flexion? triceps brachii gluteus maximus gluteus maximus hamstrings rectus abdominus, obliques

21. Practice On your note card, write the name of 3 muscles and their actions. Quiz each other on the muscle names and movements in the “congo line”. If your partner can’t guess the movement, act it out for them.

22. Closure • What were our objectives, and what did you learn about them. • How does what we did today address our statement of Inquiry, TOK connection, or Learner profile trait?