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Networking

Networking . PROTOCOLS. APPLICATION LAYER PROTOCOLS. FTP SFTP TFTP SMTP SNMP NTP TELNET HTTP HTTPS POP3 IMAP4 LPD LPR. FTP (FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL)

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Networking

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  1. Networking PROTOCOLS

  2. APPLICATION LAYER PROTOCOLS • FTP • SFTP • TFTP • SMTP • SNMP • NTP • TELNET • HTTP • HTTPS • POP3 • IMAP4 • LPD • LPR

  3. FTP (FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL) It allows files transfer on the network. (Generally FTP server is created which serves the file request from FTP clients in the network)

  4. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): It is used to handle outgoing transactions of emails through mail server. • SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol): Used by administrator to control & manage the network as well as to get network information.

  5. NTP (Network Time Protocol): It is used for synchronizing the device time with time server to update date & time automatically. • Telnet: It is used to login remotely to any devices. Used to login . • HTTP (HYPER TEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL): It is used to handle transactions between web server & web browser. • HTTPS (SECURE HTTP): Used for secure transactions between web server & web browser.

  6. POP3 (Post Office Protocol): This protocol handles the incoming mail transactions from mail server. When user log into the account all mails dedicated to him get downloaded and has no selectively. • IMAP4 (Internet Message Access Protocol Version 4): It is same as POP3 only difference is that here it provides selectively to user to choose emails to be downloaded from server.

  7. Transport layer protocols • TCP: Transmission Control Protocol • It is connection oriented protocol (i.e. data transfer takes place only after connection establishment) • Reliability (Reply is taken for each data send) • Slow process due to reply checking. • UDP: User Datagram Protocol • Connectionless protocol (No connection establishment required for data transfer) • Non-reliable (No reply taken) • Fast process

  8. Network layer • IP (Internet Protocol): It provides logical addressing ,which is used to provide identifications for devices on network. It is called as IP Addressing. • ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): This protocol sends echo messages to destination and if reply comes from that device, it understands that the connectivity with destination is ok. E.g. ping command uses ICMP messages for connectivity checking

  9. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol): It resolves MAC add from known IP address. While encapsulating a data MAC is acquired by sending ARP request to destination IP. • RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol): It resolves IP from known MAC address. It is used by DHCP service where PC obtains their IP address by sending RARP request to DHCP server.

  10. IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) It is a communications protocol used to manage the membership of Internet Protocol multicast groups. • Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) It is a protocol suite for securing Internet Protocol (IP) communications by authenticating and encrypting each IP packet of a data stream.

  11. PORT NUMBER • Numerical valve which defines a particular application. • Socket: When IP is written along with its port number is called as socket. • EX-192.168.100.20:23

  12. PROTOCOL DATA UNIT (PDU) It is unit of data on each layer while encapsulating/de-encapsulating. • Application- Data • Transport - Segment • Network - Packets • Data-link - Frame

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