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Formation and Nature of Ionic Bonds

Formation and Nature of Ionic Bonds. Ionic Bond. Ionic bond – the electrostatic force that holds ions together in an ionic compound Electrostatic force – like charges repel, opposite charges attract. Formation of an Ionic Bond. 1. Electrons are transferred from a metal to a nonmetal

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Formation and Nature of Ionic Bonds

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  1. Formation and Nature of Ionic Bonds

  2. Ionic Bond • Ionic bond – the electrostatic force that holds ions together in an ionic compound • Electrostatic force – like charges repel, opposite charges attract

  3. Formation of an Ionic Bond 1. Electrons are transferred from a metal to a nonmetal 2. The transfer produces a cation and an anion 3. Ions held together by electrostatic force 4. Results in a very stable crystal lattice structure

  4. Ionic Compounds • Compound composed of cations and anions • Usually a metal and nonmetal • Overall neutral charge (zero) • Held together by ionic bonds • A.K.A. salts

  5. Binary Compounds • Has just two different elements • A metallic cation combines with a nonmetallic anion • Example • MgO • Not CaSO4, why?

  6. Formula Units • A chemical formula shows the kinds and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of a substance • Sodium chloride  NaCl • Magnesium chloride  MgCl2 • A formula unit is the lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound

  7. Example 1 **Total positive charge of the cations equals the total negative charge of the anions

  8. Example 2 Predict the compound formed when magnesium and nitrogen combine. • Start with the atoms • Add Lewis dot diagram • Write their ions • Crisscross charges to get neutral compound • Write formula unit Mg N Mg2+ N3− Mg3N2

  9. Properties of Ionic Compounds • Strong bonds • High melting and boiling points • Solid at room temperature • Hard, rigid, and brittle • When dissolved in water or melted it can conduct an electric current

  10. Electrolyte • Definition: A substance that conducts an electric current when it is dissolved in water • When an ionic compound dissolves in solution it breaks up into its individual ions. This enables it to conduct a current because the ions move around. • Salt dissolving in water animation • Gatorade has electrolytes. It has salts dissolved in water for your body to conduct electrical currents.

  11. Crystal Lattice • Structure of ionic compounds • Repeating 3-D pattern (alternating cation & anion) • Large attractive forces result in a very stable structure

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