dari “budaya dan perdamaian” menuju “budaya perdamaian”

1. dari“budaya dan perdamaian” menuju“budaya perdamaian” catatan kuliah 6 psp 08

2. catatan mengenai tugas 3 psp • tema umum: jihad, syariat Islam • ritual budaya spesifik: sifon, foot binding, kembar buncing, mesabetan api, perang obor, warokan, carok • sistemik: patriarki (anting, menangis, poligami), kebebasan/ sensor media, agama, kawin paksa/muda, seniority • you made a stand!

3. culture & deep culture • teks, konteks, subkonteks, suprakonteks • deep culture (Galtung): sikap di balik sikap individu (Freud) + sikap di balik sikap kolektif (Jung) • deep culture: collective subconscious

4. deep culture: shit happens • Taoism – “if you understand shit, it isn’t shit” • Confucianism – “Confucious say ‘shit happens’” • Shintoism – “you inherit the shit of your ancestors” • Hinduism – “this shit happened before” • Buddhism – “shit will happen to you again” • Sikhism – “leave our shit alone” • Amish – “modern shit is useless”

5. deep culture: shit happens • Catholicism – “if shit happens, you deserve it” • Protestanism – “shit happens to others, amen” • Jehova’s witness – “knock knock, shit happens” • Televangelism – “send money of shit will happen to you” • Baptism – “we’ll wash the shit right off you” • Scientology – “if shit happens, see Dianetics p.137” • Mormonism – “excrement happens” (don’t say shit)

6. deep culture: shit happens • Islam – “if shit happens, it is the will of Allah” • Judaism – “why does shit always happen to us?” • Orthodox Judaism – “so shit happens, already” • Atheism – “i don’t believe this shit” • Agnosticism – “can you prove that shit happens?”

7. deep culture: shit happens • Satanism – “sneppah this” • Mysticism – “this is really weird shit” • Voodoo – “shit doesn’t just happen – we made it happen” • WICCA – “you can make shit happen but shit will happen to you three times”

8. deep culture: shit happens • Hedonism – “i love it when shit happens” • Materialism – “whoever dies with the most shit, wins” • Capitalism – “this is MY shit” • Communism – “let’s share the shit” • Marxism – “you have nothing to lose but your shit” • Feminism – “men are shit” • Conspiracy Theory – “They shit on us!”

9. deep culture: shit happens • Existentialism – “what is shit, anyway?” • Cynicism – “we are full of shit” • Optimism – “shit won’t happen to me” • Fatalism – “oh shit, it’s going to happen” • Suicidal – “ive heard enough of this shit”

10. deep culture: shit happens • Darwinism – “survival of the shittest” • Shakespearean – “to shit or not to shit, that is the question” • Descartes – “i shit therefore i am” • Freud – “shit is a phallic symbol” • Einstein – “shit is relative” • Disneyism – “bad shit doesn’t happen here”

11. deep culture: shit happens • Phsyco-Analysis – “tell me about your shit” • Trekism – “to boldly shit where no-one has shit before” • Lawyers – “for enough money, I can get you out of this shit” • Acupuncturist – “hold still or this will hurt like shit” • Politically Correct – “internally processed, nutritionally-drained biological output happens” • Vegetarianism – “if it happens to shit, don’t eat it” • Enviromentalism – “shit is biodegradable” • Statistician – “shit is 84,7% likely to happen”

12. deep culture: shit happens • Dog – “i just shit in your shoe” • Cat – “dogs are shit” • Mouse – “oh shit! a cat!” • Family Gathering – “relatives are shit”

13. budaya & kekerasan • apa itu “budaya kekerasan”? • apa bedanya dengan “budaya yang mengandung unsur kekerasan”? • “violent culture” vs “culture of violence”

14. faktor penopang budaya kekerasan • chosenness: (kelompok) sayalah yg terpilih (u/ menjalankan misi ini) • glory: kerinduan akan kejayaan masa lalu + harapan akan kejayaan masa depan • trauma: pengalaman pahit, membekas sebagai memori kolektif sadar dan bawah sadar

15. faktor penopang budaya kekerasan • dualism: hanya ada 2 kategori – baik atau buruk, menang atau kalah, etc • manicheism: kualitas Tuhan ada pada (kelompok) saya, setan pada lawan • armageddon: percaya pada hari akhir, pada pertarungan akhir antara baik dan buruk • repression/projection: menyangkal kualitas buruk (kelompok) saya, menimpakannya pada kelompok lain

16. budaya dan perdamaian • apa itu “budaya perdamaian”? • apa bedanya dengan “budaya yang damai”? • culture of peace vs peaceful culture

17. diskusikan • bayangkan culture of peace sebagai sebuah produk (masakan, bangunan, kendaraan, etc) • apa saja bahan atau komponen yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat produk tersebut? • ilustrasikan dalam gambar!

18. culture of peace a la UN • UN: international decade for a culture of peace and nonviolence for the children of the world 2001-2010 • set of values, attitudes, modes of behavior, and ways of life that reject violence and prevent conflicts by tackling their root causes to solve problems through dialogue and negotiation among individuals, groups, and nations

19. culture of peace a la UN • foster a culture of peace through education • promote sustainable economic and social development • promote respect for all human rights • ensure equality between women and men • foster democratic participation • advance understanding, tolerance, solidarity • support participatory communication and the free flow of information and knowledge • promote international peace and security

20. seville statement on violence 1986 • it is scientifically incorrect to say that: • kita mewarisi kecenderungan berperang dari nenek moyang kita, para binatang • perang dan perilaku kekerasan ada di dalam gen kita dan merupakan fitrah manusia • keberhasilan suatu spesies untuk bertahan terletak pada agresivitasnya, bukan kemampuannya bekerjasama • manusia memiliki violent brain • perang adalah sesuatu yang insting manusia

21. religions as sources for the culture of peace • Judaism: truth is not a declaration of faith but a process through dialogue with no end, like in the Talmud • Protestant Christianity: the Lutheran hier stehe ich, ich kann nicht anders, here I am, I have no alternative; the significance of individual conscience and responsibility; and equality in the face of the Creator • Catholic Christianity: the distinction between peccato and peccatore, between sin and sinners, of a stand against the sin but at the same time pardoning, forgiving the sinner. • Orthodox Christianity: the optimism of Sunday Christianity as opposed to the necrophilic Friday Christianities of the other two: Christ has arisen, is among us. • Islam: the truth of Sura 8:61, when the Other shows an inclination toward peace that so do you; peace breeds peace. And the truth of zakat, of sharing with the poor.

22. agama dan budaya perdamaian • Hinduism: the trinitarian construction of the world, as Creation, Preservation and Destruction. Applied to conflict this means: pursuing creation by seeing conflict a challenge to be creative, preserving the parties, avoiding destruction • Buddhism/Jainism: nonviolence, ahimsa of course, but then to all life, bringing in the whole earth, not only the human part, and the earth-human interface. And as a part of this what in Japanese buddhism is known as engi, that everything hangs together, causation is co-dependent, no beginning, no end; nobody is totally guilty or totally innocent, we all share responsibility is reducing dukkha, suffering and increasing sukha, fulfillment, liberation for all, including ourselves • Confucianism: the principle of isomorphic harmony, harmony inside ourselves, inner peace, in the family, school at work, in society, in the country and the nation, in the region and the civilization; with all levels inspiring each other • Taoism: the principle of yin-yang, the good in the bad and the bad in the good, and the bad in the good in the bad and good in the bad in the good and so on; a complexity far beyond Western dualism

23. housekeeping announcements • this is england, kinoki, 27 maret 08, 19.00 • tutorial on demand guna mempersiapkan uts • uts: closed book, open questions • tugas untuk pertemuan paska uts: aksi nirkekerasan