Research Methods in Psychology

Research Methods in Psychology Review for Exam 1

Question 1 • The kind of everyday, nonscientific data gathering that shapes our beliefs and directs our behavior toward others has been called _________________. • nonscientific inference • commonsense psychology • commonsense inference • nonscientific psychology • quasiexperimental psychology

Question 2 • Which hypothesis is actually tested using inferential statistics such as the t-test? • research hypothesis • experimental hypothesis • alternative hypothesis • null hypothesis • Both c and d

Question 3 • The principle of modus tollens is also called ______________: • Law of parsimony • Law of effect • Occam’s razor blade • Method of verification • none of the above

Question 4 • The research of HendrikSchon resulted in _________________. • a prolific rate of very useful publications • grey goo • Mistakes that were satisfactorily corrected • An independent investigation • Replicable data sets

Question 5 • The idea that statements may be proven false by a single, contrary observation; whereas, statements can never be proven to be true is called modus tollens or _________________. • bad science • good thinking • procedure of falsification • Occam’s razor • law of parsimony

Question 6 • Part of the scientific approach that can be particularly important when findings have important implications (e.g., in the case of cold fusion) or directly contradict current conventional wisdom is called _________________. • observation • duplication • falsification • replication • remediation

Question 7 • The word ‘science’ has two connotations, __________ and __________. • content; process • cause; effect • induction; deduction • inference; relation • formal; informal

Question 8 • Which of the following groups is concerned with the ethics of human research studies? • ILAR • AAALAC • IACUC • IRB • All of the above

Question 9 • The following goal is included in the concept of “informed consent”: • individuals must give their consent freely • individuals must be free to drop out of the study at any time • researchers must give subjects a full explanation of the procedures • researcher must make clear the potential risks and benefits of the study • all of the above

Question 10 • One advantage of laboratory experiments in comparison to other research methods is the greater degree of control over the experimental situation. As a result, laboratory experiments typically have greater __________. • internal validity • external validity • realism • generalization • observation

Question 11 • A ___________________ study includes a between-groups design that is an alternative to the within-subject design of longitudinal studies. • ex post facto • pretest/posttest • path analysis • crossed-lagged panel • cross-sectional

Question 12 • One of the first kinds of data we collect about others comes in the form of _________________. • traits we assign to them • random thoughts • projected characteristics that we possess • objective expectancies • Preconceptual science

Question 13 • A field experiment may have a high level of ______________. • Imposition of units • Antecedent manipulation • Internal validity • External validity • Both c and d

Question 14 • Which of the following is a correlational method of causal modeling _______________. • Path analysis • crossed-sectional analysis • Ex post factoid • Cross-sagged camel design • longitudinal

Question 15 • The study comparing Fri the 6th to Fri the 13th was a _______________. • longitudinal study • crossed-sectional study • ex post facto study • retrospective study • archival study

Answers • B • D • E • D • C • D • A • D 9) E 10) A 11) E 12) A 13) E 14) A 15) E

Bonus Question 1 Which research design uses beta weights from multiple regression analysis to generate possible direction of cause and effect from correlated variables • Factor analysis • Multiple correlation • Path analysis • Crossed-lagged Panel

Bonus Question 2 Which research design measures the same pair of variables at two different points in time and looks at patterns of correlations across time for possible direction of cause and effect • Factor analysis • Multiple correlation • Path analysis • Crossed-lagged Panel

Bonus Question 3 Which research design determines subsets of correlated variables within a larger set of variables • Factor analysis • Multiple regression • Multiple correlation • Linear regression

Bonus Question 4 Which research design determines subsets of correlated variables within a larger set of variables • Factor analysis • Multiple regression • Multiple correlation • Linear regression

Bonus Question 5 Which research design uses regression equation to predict the scores on one variable from the scores on sets of other variables • Factor analysis • Multiple regression • Multiple correlation • Linear regression

Bonus Question 6 Which research design explores characteristics, behaviors, or effects of naturally occurring events in preexisting groups of subjects • Ex Post Facto • Nonequivalent Groups • Longitudinal • Cross-sectional

Bonus Question 7 Which research design investigates changes across time by measuring the behavior of the same group of subjects at different points in time • Ex Post Facto • Nonequivalent Groups • Longitudinal • Cross-sectional

Bonus Question 8 Which research design investigates changes across time by comparing groups of subjects already at different stages at a single point in time. • Ex Post Facto • Nonequivalent Groups • Longitudinal • Cross-sectional

Bonus Question 9 Which research design compares effects of different treatment conditions on preexisting groups of subjects. • Ex Post Facto • Nonequivalent Groups • Longitudinal • Pretest-posttest

Bonus Question 10 Which research design explores the effects of an event (or treatment) by comparing behavior before and after the event (or treatment). • Ex Post Facto • Nonequivalent Groups • Longitudinal • Pretest-posttest

Answers to bonus questions Can be found on pages 142 and 153 of M&H.

Research Methods in Psychology