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Motion

Motion . Chapter 11. Distance and Displacement. To describe motion accurately and completely a frame of reference is necessary. Frame of Reference: a system of objects that are not moving with respect to one another Relative Motion: the movement in relation to a frame of reference

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Motion

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  1. Motion Chapter 11

  2. Distance and Displacement • To describe motion accurately and completely a frame of reference is necessary. • Frame of Reference: a system of objects that are not moving with respect to one another • Relative Motion: the movement in relation to a frame of reference • Example: a train moves past the train station

  3. Measuring Distance • Distance: the length of a path between two points • The SI unit is meter (m) • 1 kilometer equals 1000 meters • One centimeter equals one hundredth of a meter

  4. Measuring Displacements • Displacement: the direction from the starting and the length of a straight line from the starting point to the ending point • Involves distance and direction

  5. Combining Displacements Vector: a quantity that has magnitude and direction Key Point: Add displacements using vector addition If vectors are in the same direction you ADD them. If vectors are in opposite directions you SUBTRAC them Resultant Vector: the vector sum of two or more vectors

  6. Speed and Velocity • Speed: the ration of the distance an object mores to the amount of time the object moves • The SI unit of speed is meters per second (m/s)

  7. Average vs. Instantaneous Speed • Average Speed • Computed for the entire duration of a trip • Formula is total distance total time Speed = d/t • Instantaneous Speed • Measured at a particular instant • The speed you are going right now

  8. Velocity • Key point: a description of both speed and direction of motion. Velocity is a vector. (Speed is not) • You combine velocities the same way you combine displacements. • Same direction = add • Opposite direction = subtract

  9. Speed and Velocity Graphs Description: going at a constant speed Description: going at a constant speed then stopped

  10. Math Time V=d/t Calculate the average speed of a person that run 45 m in 7 second. How long would it take to travel 400 km at a speed of 60 km/hr? A train travels 190 km in 3.0 hours and then 120 km in 2.0 hours. What is it’s average speed?

  11. Acceleration • Acceleration: the rate at which velocity changes • Can be described as changes in speed, changes in direction or both • Acceleration is a vector • Formula for acceleration is: change in velocity or Vf – Vi Total time t Unit is (m/ss)

  12. Acceleration Graphs Key to remember: velocity (speed) on y –axis, time on the x –axis!! Description: Constant acceleration Description: constant acceleration, constant speed, acceleration

  13. Description: accelerating, constant speed, deceleration

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