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HMXB, ULX and star formation

HMXB, ULX and star formation. Marat Gilfanov Hans-Jakob Grimm & Rashid Sunyaev. Topics. compact sources in young & old stellar systems relation to star formation and stellar mass of the host galaxy X-ray binaries (low & high mass) and ULX. HMXB t~10 6 -10 7 years

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HMXB, ULX and star formation

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  1. HMXB, ULX and star formation Marat Gilfanov Hans-Jakob Grimm & Rashid Sunyaev

  2. Topics • compact sources in young & old stellar systems • relation to star formation and stellar mass of the host galaxy • X-ray binaries (low & high mass) and ULX Marat Gilfanov

  3. HMXB t~106-107 years ~ duration of star formation event Star formation tracer LMXB t~109-1010 years ~ live time of the host galaxy Stellar mass tracer Evolutionary time scales Marat Gilfanov

  4. Milky Way galaxy face-on view Lx~2-3 1039 erg/s LMXB:HMXB~10:1 M*/SFR~1-2 1011 years HMXB distribution and spiral arms Marat Gilfanov

  5. Nearby galaxies • Observed by Chandra • high SFR galaxies -> HMXB • ellipticals, bulges of spirals -> LMXB • Milky Way • Magellanic Clouds Marat Gilfanov

  6. High mass X-ray binaries(ULX in young stellar systems) Marat Gilfanov

  7. HMXB in nearby galaxies X-ray luminosity functions: SFR~0.15-7 Msun/yr Marat Gilfanov

  8. HMXB in nearby galaxies X-ray luminosity functions scaled to the same SFR SFR~0.15-7 Msun/yr Marat Gilfanov

  9. Universal luminosity function of HMXBs • constant shape, normalization ~ SFR • cut-off @ few 1040 erg/s • no strong non-linear effects Marat Gilfanov

  10. HMXB XLF: differential form Marat Gilfanov

  11. Universal XLF of HMXBs Galactic NS, Be binaries … ULX Cyg X-1 Cyg X-3 V4641 Sgr (peak) Eddington limit for a neutron star Marat Gilfanov

  12. ULX and HMXB • ~featureless power law • smooth extension of ordinary HMXB population • a completely different population – unlikely • high M, high Mdot (low probability) tail of ordinary HMXBs ? Marat Gilfanov

  13. HMXB & ULX in distant galaxies • distant galaxies • unresolved -> total Lx only • Hubble Deep Field North • z~0.2-1.3 • SFR~4-200 Msun/year • Lx-SFR relation XLF parameters Marat Gilfanov

  14. Expected Lx-SFR relation XLF, number of sources ~ SFR ” i.e. total Lx ~ SFR Wrong! Marat Gilfanov

  15. Expected Lx-SFR relation • Lx – total luminosity of discrete sources – 1,2,3…not 0.5 • - does not work non-linear Lx-SFR relation @low Lx and SFR Marat Gilfanov

  16. Expected Lx-SFR relation • power law luminosity distribution1<a<2 • total LX is defined by a few brightest sources number of sources total Lx Marat Gilfanov

  17. Predicted Lx-SFR relation high SFR LX,brightest =LX,cut-off linear regime low SFR LX,brightest increases with SFR non-linearly non-linear regime Marat Gilfanov

  18. Mode and expectation meanof statistical distribution Lx-SFR relation mode– most probable value probability distribution of total Lx P(Lx,tot) expectation mean Marat Gilfanov

  19. Observed Lx-SFR relation Marat Gilfanov

  20. Lx-SFR: observed vs predicted Lx~SFR Lx~SFR1.7 Marat Gilfanov

  21. Predicted Lx-SFR relation • Linear part – direct consequence of cut-off in LF • Large and asymmetric dispersion in the non-linear regime • XLF parameters Many astrophysical applications Marat Gilfanov

  22. Cut-off in the luminosity function Marat Gilfanov

  23. ULX @ large redshift (z~1) • Not significantly more luminous than in nearby galaxies Marat Gilfanov

  24. Intermediate mass black holes ??? Luminosity function Lx-SFR relation Marat Gilfanov

  25. Low mass X-ray binaries(ULX in old stellar systems) Marat Gilfanov

  26. LMXB in nearby galaxies X-ray luminosity functions: Stellar mass range: 109-3x1011 Msun Marat Gilfanov

  27. LMXB in nearby galaxies X-ray luminosity functions: scaled to the same mass Stellar mass range: 109-3x1011 Msun Marat Gilfanov

  28. LMXB in nearby galaxies X-ray luminosity functions: scaled to the same mass, averaged Stellar mass range: 109-3x1011 Msun Marat Gilfanov

  29. Universal luminosity function of LMXB • complex but ~constant shape • normalization ~ mass • cut-off @ ~few x1039 erg/s Marat Gilfanov

  30. Lx-mass relation total X-ray luminosity number of sources Nx~16 src per 1010Msun Lx~9x1038 erg/s per 1010Msun Marat Gilfanov

  31. X-ray & NIR growth curves - NGC1316 number of sources total luminosity Marat Gilfanov

  32. High and low mass X-ray binaries in the galaxies(ULX in young & old stellar systems)Summary Marat Gilfanov

  33. HMXB & LMXB luminosity functions • different slopes of XLF for HMXB and LMXBdifferent accretion regimes • Ultra luminous X-ray sourcesno true ULX among LMXBs at present Marat Gilfanov

  34. M101 – bulge and disk population Marat Gilfanov

  35. Conclusions • HMXB population ~ SFR (upto z~1)~22 src (>1037 erg/s), ~7x1039 erg/s per 1 Msun/yr • LMXB population ~ stellar mass~16 src (>1037 erg/s), ~9x1038 erg/s per 1010 Msun • ~universal X-ray luminosity functionsdifferent for LMXB and HMXB Marat Gilfanov

  36. Conclusions • Majorityof ULXs - members of the same population as ordinary HMXBs • ULXs @ z~1 are not significantly brighter • No trueULXs in old stellar systems (LMXBs) Marat Gilfanov

  37. Conclusions (cont’d) • Statistics of small numbers -> non-linear effectsunrelated to the physics of e.g. star formation Lx~SFR Many astrophysical applications Lx~SFR1.7 Marat Gilfanov

  38. The End Marat Gilfanov

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