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1. Râmnicu Vâlcea COLEGIUL TEHNICENERGETIC “We are a school for all young people , a chance for everyone – we are a school for the future:” Competence TenacityEnergy

2. Electric power from renewable sources E-RES Micro-hydropower plants - MHP • 1. Why power from renewable sources? • For the protection of the environment, increasing the energetic autonomy by using the natural potential of the geographical area, economical reasons and social cohesion.

3. RES electric power can be: • Aeolian energy • Solar energy • Geothermal energy • Energy from waves or tides • Biomass • Hydropower, and hydropower < 10 MW in Micro Hydropower plants

4. For Romania an average of 33% is estimated to possibly be provided through RES, in approximately 5000 locations, suitable for small scale hydropower constructions – micro hydropower plants. • Hydropower: the first accomplishment in Romania is the Grozăveşti power plant, on Ciurel Lake, Bucharest 1889.

5. Today, the most important hydropower plants are CHE Portile de Fier 1 and 2, on the Danube River, and CHE Lotru-Ciunget on internal water courses (which will be visited during these days).

6. Vâlcea County is representative for the hydroelectric constructions which use the hydraulic potential of the river Olt and its tributary rivers, especially Lotru. . • Lotru Hydrographic Basin (?) represents 17% of the potential of the interior rivers, and counts today on 27 hydropower plants, 4 micro-hydropower plants and other installations.

7. 2. What is HydroPower? • Hydropower is the electric energy generated by hydropower plants, due to the power of water. • The advantages of hydropower: • the settlement of the river courses • it is adapted to the energetic potential of the country • cheap exploitation • environmentally friendly • Disadvantages: • it produces major changes to the natural environment, dams and other constructions • substantial financial investments.

8. 3. Hydropower plants – CHE • CHE – are power plants in which electricity is produced due to the mechanical power of a turbine, which, at its turn is set in motion by the force of water (water fall or large flow).7 • The components of a CHE are: • Accumulation lake formed behind a dam. • The dam – artificial obstacle for the storage of large quantities of water. • Adduction – takes over the water from the lake and caries it to the power plant (forced gallery, forced pipe, distribution to the turbines – two minimum). • Pressure node made of: • Castle balance – safety construction which takes over the level changes of the water • Valve house – adjusts the quantity of water that goes through the adduction pipe to the power plant. • Main power plant: • The building of the power plant • The engine room where the turbine transforms the force of water in mechanical energy, that the generator turns into electrical energy; installations which provide the cooling water to the aggregates, oil under pressure, compressed air; lifting machines, like slide bridges; command room with automatic equipment for distance command. • Transformation station where the parameters of the produce electrical energy are raised to proper values for the transportation through the electric network.

10. 4. Micro-hydropower plants – MHP • Installed power ≤ 10MW means micro-hydropower plant, small hydropower plants and micro-hydropower plants characterized by powers 5:100KW, which can assure enough electrical energy for a small community or for industry in isolated areas. • They have the same components as a hydropower plant, but can be the most efficient and cheap generators of electricity..

11. 5. MHP Latorita – an example of a micro-hydropower plant in Romania MHP LATORIŢA

12. 5. MHP Latorita – an example of a micro-hydropower plant in Romania • we chose as an example MHC Latorita, near CHE Lotru – Ciunget; • It is built on river Latorita, tributary to Lotru, with a small accumulation through a compensatory basin • MHP Latorita is a back-up source, independent, providing electric energy to CHE Lotru; • It works under an automatic regime – connected to the supply network of CHE Ciunget or in a isolated regimefor “starting from zero” (when it provides the power necessary to a group for the Ciunget power plant, when this one is switched off from the National Energetic System). • Assures the sufficient flow of water for cooling down the hydro aggregates of the Ciunget power plant; • Assures the evacuation of the surplus of energy on the low tension network (0,4 KV);

13. The images pictures components of this installation: • Latorita caption, with photo: caption threshold, grit, compensatory basin; • Adduction pipe, with photo:surface, underground horizontal and vertical; • Francis Micro-aggregate (A, B, C) • Synchronous generator: 400 KVA, 320 KW, 400 V, 50Hz • Adjustment system (with a rotation adjuster, hydraulic aggregate as a source of under pressure oil); • Control cabinet for the electronic components; • Command system with a programmable automat, automatic elements, auxiliary electronic circuits and software program.

14. LATORIŢA CAPTURE

15. THE COMPONENTS OF CAPTURE LATORIŢA l/s • Capture threshold • Grit

16. The components of capture compensating basin • Compensating basin,

17. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WATER AND MHC capture Latoriţa • Horizontal underground supply pipeline. • Underground culvert pipe down

18. HYDRAULIC TURBINEFrancisTurbine Fig. A Fig. B

19. MHP LATORIŢA Fig. C

20. SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR synchronous generatortipe A335 L04

21. Adjustment system • source of under pressure oil. • hydraulic aggregate

22. Cabinets Control Hydroaggregat • Control System

23. Thanks for your attention !