Introduction to Athletic Training

1. Introduction to Athletic Training Chapters 1 & 2

2. Sports Medicine • Multi-disciplinary approach to health care for those seriously involved in exercise and sport • Study and application of scientific and medical knowledge to aspects of exercise and athletics • Aims to promote health and fitness while preventing, treating, and rehabilitation injury

3. Sports medicine • Athletic Training • Biomechanics • Medical Practice • Orthopedics • Physician Assistant • Dentist • Ophthalmologist • Physical Therapy • Exercise Physiology • Neurologist • Sport Nutritionist • Sport Psychologist • Massage Therapy • Certified Strength & Conditioning

4. History & Development of sports medicine • Late 19thto early 20th century • Desire to understand and extend the limits of human performance • Developed into a recognized field in early 20th century • 1954: American College of Sports Medicine • Intended to guide the convergence of different fields with a common focus directed toward the goal of national health and fitness • Athletic competition and participation continues to rise • True sports medicine specialists have training that allows them to specifically address the needs of the athlete

5. What is athletic training? • The rendering of specialized care to individuals involved in exercise and athletics • Prevention, recognition, evaluation and care of injuries • Certified Athletic Trainer: highly educated and skilled professional who specializes in the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of injuries

6. History & development of Athletic Training • Galan: physician and philosopher • Regarded as one of the greatest physicians of the classical period • Contributed volumes to science of medicine • Trainer and physician to gladiators in ancient Rome • Roman Empire falls • Middle Ages—few advancements in medicine • Renaissance • Human body actively studied • Leonardo da Vinci: contributions to science & human body outshine all preceding • Field continues to grow • Sports popular, even commercialized more ATC’s needed • Educational requirements for ATCs increase • Public insists that highly educated professionals work on their child

7. Athlete’s circle of care & the sports medicine team • Team physician—absolute authority in determining participation status • Athletic Trainer • Coach • Athlete • Parent? • Specialist?

8. Title ix • Federal legislation in effect since1972 • Prohibits discrimination in school athletic participation on the basis of sex • Tremendous increase in female athletic participation, creating an even greater need for qualified certified athletic trainers

9. Cramer Family (1920) • Gardner, Kansas • Started a chemical company • Produced liniment to treat ankle sprains • Publication of First Aider in 1932 • Family instrumental in early development of the athletic training profession • Continue to play prominent role in education of student athletic trainers

10. History and development of athletic training • 1950: NATA formed, establishing professional standards for the athletic trainer • 1991: American Medical Association (AMA) recognized athletic training as allied health profession

11. Requirements for certification • Must graduate from an undergraduate or graduate program accredited by Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) • Pass certification exam • Maintain certification with continuing education

12. Core curriculum • Human anatomy • Human physiology • Psychology • Kinesiology • Biomechanics • Exercise physiology • Personal community health • Nutrition • Prevention of athletic injuries/illness • Evaluation of athletic injuries/illness • Therapeutic modalities • Therapeutic exercise • Administration of athletic training programs

13. Core curriculum continued • First aid and emergency care • General medical conditions and disabilities • Health care administration • Medical ethics and legal issues • Pathology of injury/illness • Pharmacology • Professional development and responsibilities • Psychosocial intervention and referral • Risk management and injury/illness prevention • Strength training and reconditioning • Statistics and research design • Weigh management and body composition

14. Certification examination • Fulfill requirements • Tested in 6 domains: • Prevention of athletic injuries • Recognition, evaluation, and assessment of injuries • Immediate care of injuries • Treatment, rehabilitation, and reconditioning of athletic injuries • Health care administration • Professional development and responsibility

15. Purposes of certification • To establish standards for entry into the profession of athletic training • Standards set by the National Athletic Trainers’ Board of Certification (NATABOC) www.nataboc.org

16. Roles and responsibilities of the athletic trainer

17. ATC Roles & responsibilities • Prevention • Recognition, Evaluation, & Immediate Care • Rehabilitation Course of Action • Administration • Professional Development • Personal Skills

18. 1. Preventative • Pre-Participation Screening (PPE) • Conditioning • Total body • Sport or injury specific • Monitoring Environmental Conditions • Field conditions • Weather • Properly Fitted Equipment • Educate • Parents, coaches, athletes

19. 2. Recognition, Evaluation, & immediate care • Emergency • Acute • Course of Action

20. 3. Rehabilitation—course of action • Short Term • Long Term • Return to Play

21. 4. administration • Documentation • Daily records • Treatment logs • Insurance • Family history • Medications • Surgeries • Written Guidelines • Policy and Procedures • Daily operations • Rules/regulations • EAP • Scheduling

22. 5. Professional development • Organizations/Associations: • NATA • NATABOC • AMA • CAATE • ACSM • NSCA • AOSSM • Membership in Different Professional Organizations • Stay current in certification • CEU • Be active in organizations

23. 6. Personal skills 1. Know the Athlete: • Medical History past/current • Injuries, allergies, meds, contact lens, dental appliances • Personality • Low tolerance vs. high tolerance 2. Know the Sport: • Fundamentals • Demands of sport • Same injury • In one sport not cleared, in another can play

24. Personal skills continued 3. Remain Calm: • Self calm • Calm the athlete • Very difficult to assess if the athlete is scared, excited, and anxious 4. Alert: • Observe all athletes • Limping, down, acting unusual 5. Good Judgment: • Common sense

25. Personal skills continued 6. Experience: • Confidence • Assessment skills 7. Patience (with): • Evaluation • Athlete • Self

26. Personal skills continued 8. Referral: • Record all information • Send to physician • Doubts, concerns • Clearance

27. What personal qualities make a good athletic trainer?

28. Required skills • Problem solving ability • Deductive reasoning skills • Good judgment • Good decision making skills • Proficient knowledge of anatomy, physiology, biology, and advanced first aid • Motor skills • Communication skills • Ability to work well with people • Ability to work well under stressful conditions • Ability to maintain poise in emergencies

29. Role of the athlete • Conditioning and Fitness • Proper Nutrition • Know Risk of Sport • Report Injuries • Active Role in Rehab

30. Employment settings

31. Employment settings • Secondary School • College/University • Professional Teams • Sports Medicine Clinic/Physical Therapy • Industrial Setting • Hospital/Outreach • Non-Traditional

32. Secondary schools • Usually faculty-athletic trainer position • Compensation based on: • Released time from teaching • Stipend as coach • Provide limited coverage

33. Colleges/universities • Small Institutions • Part-time teacher, part-time athletic trainer • Multiple sports • Also provide coverage to intramurals & club programs • Long hours • Limited resources • Major Institutions • Full-time athletic trainers • Works only for dept of athletics • One sport • Long hours! • Abundance of resources, personnel

34. Professional teams • Perform specific team athletic training duties for 6 months per year • Works with only one team or organization • Under contract, similar to players

35. Sports med clinics/physical therapy • More ATCs employed in this setting than in any other • Varies from clinic to clinic • Most ATCs treat patients with sports-related injuries in am & contract out to high schools in pm • Salaries are typically slightly higher than in more traditional settings • May be responsible for marketing of sports medicine program

36. Industrial/military • Becoming common for ATC to work in a prevention role • Oversee fitness and injury rehabilitation programs for employees • Must understand concepts behind ergonomics • May be assigned to conduct wellness programs & provide education and individual counseling • Also employed by federal law enforcement agencies (i.e.. FBI, CIA, DEA)

37. Non-traditional • X-Games • Dance Company • Olympics (Summer & Winter sports)