3.4 Do Now

1. 3.4 Do Now • Explain the difference in formation of the 3 types of rocks. • Distinguish the difference between weathering and erosion. • Explain which type of erosion is the leading cause of erosion.

2. Homework Writing prompt North Carolina cut over $10 million from the state budget in 2013 that had previously been spent on beach nourishment. • Defend the decision to remove the funding for beach nourishment from the state budget. • Refute the decision to remove the funding for beach nourishment from the state budget.

3. Human Activities and Erosion

4. Objective TSW explain the effects of human activity on shorelines and mountainsides by identifying causes and effects of erosion events. EQ: Why should we care about erosion? What can we do to mitigate (lessen the damage)?

5. Review http://www.regentsearthscience.com/jeopardy/erosion/jeopardy.htm

6. Quiz You will assess your knowledge about the rock cycle, weathering and erosion. You have 20 minutes to complete the quiz. During quiz you must: • Remain quiet (talking will result in a ZERO)and seated. • Raise your hand if you have a question. • Keep your eyes on your own paper. (Looking around can be taken as cheating.)

7. Human Activities and Erosion Notes • In your assigned groups you will determine the cause and effect of your topic. • You will use the information provided to create your informal poster. • You will have 15 minutes

8. Human Activities and Erosion Notes Using the information provided by each group complete the following graphic organizer

9. Beach Erosion Cause: sand being removed and added from frequent storms; shorelines with seawalls, revetments (sloping structures placed on banks or cliffs in such a way as to absorb the energy of incoming water), jetties (barriers that direct currents), etc. Effect: Once sea water reaches them, it "bounces" off them with more energy than a wave washing back off a normal sand beach. More sand is carried off shore, promoting beach loss. Mitigation: artificial stabilization, such as groins, seawalls, breakwaters, beach nourishment, planting vegetation/ beach grass.

10. Landslides Causes: Groundwater, Loss or absence of vertical vegetative structure, soil nutrients, and soil structure, human activities, such as deforestation, cultivation and construction, traffic, blasting Effects: property destruction, movement of sediment Mitigation strategies: Terracing is a piece of sloped plane that has been cut into a series of successively receding flat surfaces or platforms, which resemble steps, for the purposes of more effective farming. Mountainside netting are nets that are positioned on the side of a mountain to catch any falling rocks.

11. Dust Bowl Cause: The phenomenon was caused by severe drought combined with a failure to apply dry land farming methods to prevent wind erosion. Extensive deep plowing of the virgin topsoil of the Great Plains in the preceding decade had displaced the natural deep-rooted grasses that normally kept the soil in place and trapped moisture even during periods of drought and high winds. During the drought of the 1930s, without natural anchors to keep the soil in place, it dried, turned to dust, and blew away with the prevailing winds. Effects: The drought dried the topsoil and over time it became reduced to a powdery consistency in some places. Without the original grasses in place, the high winds that commonly occur on the plains were able to create the massive dust storms that marked the Dust Bowl period. Mitigation: contour plowing or contour farming is the farming practice of plowing across a slope following its elevation contour lines. The rows form slow water run-off during rainstorms to prevent soil erosion and allow the water time to settle into the soil.

12. Closure Discussion So, what should we care about erosion?

13. Exit Ticket Answer in complete sentences. Minimum of 5 sentences. How would you explain what you learned today to your partner?