NEED TO KNOW : Unit 1

1. NEED TO KNOW : Unit 1 Constitutional Underpinnings

2. Chapter 1 Intro to US Government

3. Power Distribution • Majoritarian Politics • Issues that most Americans care about • Otherwise, Elites play important role • Marxist View • Whoever controls economy controls Govt • Power Elite View • Few rich, powerful people control Govt • Bureaucratic View • Lifelong bureaucrats control Govt • Pluralist View • So many competing interests that no ONE interest wins • HYPERPLURALISM: Too many interests = gridlock

4. Classical Influences • Greeks • Direct Democracy • Problems • Efficiency • Uneducated Voters • Romans • Indirect Democracy (Republicanism) • Elected Officials vote for people

5. Enlightenment • Divine Right Monarchs • Age of Reason • John Locke • Natural Rights • Consent of the Governed • Locke vs. Hobbes • Montesquieu • Separation of Powers • Checks and Balances

6. Beginning of America • Declaration of Independence • Based on Locke • Articles of Confederation • Weaknesses • States have too much power • Weak Central Govt: Cannot Tax • Shays’s Rebellion • Demonstrates weaknesses of AoC • Philadelphia Convention

7. Chapter 2 Constitution

8. Creating the Constitution • Compromises • Great (Connecticut) Compromise • Bicameral Legislature • HoR – by Population, SEN – 2 per state • 3/5ths Compromise • Commerce & Slave Trade Compromise • Congress controls interstate commerce • Electoral College • Structure of Government • Separation of Powers • Checks and Balances • Amendment Process • 2/3 of States or 2/3 of Congress PROPOSE Amendment • ¾ of States APPROVE Amendment

9. Struggle for Ratification • Federalists vs. Antifederalists • Federalist Papers • Jay, Hamilton, Madison • Fed. 10: • Factions can’t be stopped, but republican form of govt can reduce their impact • Fed. 51: • Independent Branches of Govt, with checks and balances • Debate over Bill of Rights

10. Principles of Constitution • Popular Sovereignty • People have the power • Limited Government • Govt not “all-powerful” • Separation of Power • 3 Branches • Checks and Balances • Examples • Judicial Review • SC can VOID laws that violate Constitution • Federalism • Divide power geographically too

11. Chapter 3 federalism

12. Federalism • Unitary • 1 National Govt, states just help carry out duties • Confederal • States supreme, National Govt weak, Cooperation • Federal • National Gov’t strong, States Strong • Rule same people at same time quasi-independently • Dual Federalism vs. Cooperative Federalism

13. Powers of Government • Federal Powers • Delegated Powers (Enumerated Powers) • Expressed • Implied • Inherent • State Powers • Reserved Powers • 10th Amendment • Exclusive and Concurrent Powers • Supremacy Clause • Elastic Clause

14. Fiscal Federalism • Grants-in-aid • Federal Govt can “control” states through “Power of the Purse” • Categorical Grants • Specific Purpose, Fed Govt Power • Block Grants • Broad Purpose, State Power, Devolution • Mandates & Conditions-of-Aid • Commerce Clause causes tension between States and Fed Govt

15. Interstate Relations • Interstate Compacts • Like a treaty, but less formal • Full Faith and Credit Clause • Official documents from one state are valid in all states • Privileges and Immunities Clause • States can’t favor its citizens over those from other states • Extradition

16. Bill of Rights Freedom of Speech, Press, Petition, Assembly, Religion Right to Bear Arms No Quartering of Troops No unlawful searches and seizures No Double-jeopardy, self-incrimination, no taking property without due process Attorney, quick and public jury trial, confront witnesses Jury trial in civil cases No Cruel or Unusual Punishment Rights aren’t denied just b/c they’re not listed Reserved Powers belong to the States

17. Court Cases to Know Marbury v. Madison McCulloch v. Maryland Gibbons v. Ogden Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US US v. Lopez Printz v. US