My Stoma and I

1. My Stoma and I By Robert Azevedo-Gilbert

2. A Little History Lesson • The first known stoma operation was performed in 4th Century BC. We have been able to trace a record of Praxagonis performing the operation whilst on the battle field at the time!

3. Artist Impression • “Who knows one day this might catch on”!

4. Colostomy • 1710 Litre performed a colostomy for a patient who suffered from a birth defect where the anus fails to develop. This was the main reason for colostomy formation initially. It was placed on the side of the body rather than the front of the abdomen. The appliance to drain these early colostomies was a tin box held in position by truss–like straps. These were later modified and were made from rubber anaesthetic tubing.

5. Ileostomy • 1913 Brown much more recent development, which largely came about following the realisation that surgery could be more effective treatment for severe ulcerative colitis. • 1952 Brooke showed that skin grafts were not helpful but turning the end of the ileum inside out and stitching the skin to it resolved most of the problems. Technique still used today.

6. Urostomy • 1852 Simon created the oldest form of urinary diversion for bladder patients, ureterosigmoidoidostomy, this was the most popular method. • 1950s Bricker introduced ilea conduit, urostomy, to overcome the complications the urologists were having with the above system.

7. Key Developments in stoma surgery during the 19th Century • 1815 Freer First elective stoma surgery • 1887 Allingham Loop colostomy • 1895 Paul/Miculicz Temporary Stoma

8. Key Developments in stoma surgery in the 20th Century • 1913 Brown Temporary ileostomy • 1923 Hartman end colostomy • 1943 Miller proctocolectomy & ileostomy • 1950 Bricker ileal conduit • 1952 Brooke eversion ileostomy • 1969 Knock internal pouch • 1978 Parks preserved anal sphincter • 1980 Mitrofanoff internal reservoir for urine

9. Key developments in stoma appliances prior to the 20th Century • 1707 Heister tins, silver pipes, clothes • 1795 Daguesceau leather drawstring bag • 19thCentury pads, absorbent dressings, binders

10. Key developments in stoma appliances in the 20th Century • 1910 Heavy surgical belts with plastic cups • 1930’s Thick heavy rubber bag • 1944 Koenig-Rutzen rubber bag • 1960’s Thin odour proof disposable bags. • Karaya gum. • Hydocolloid skin barriers. • Stoma Care Nurses appointed. • 1980’s Plug system • Toilet flushable colostomy bags

11. I was born at a very early age!

12. 7:30am Thursday22nd April 1948

13. The Appliance • During this time there was not a great deal to chose from especially for young children

14. First form of Irrigation • Because of the lack of bags for children I started to irrigate.

15. Salts to the rescue! • Salts came to the rescue in the 50’s by manufacturing the black rubber bags and one of the first see through bags for adults.

16. First Appliances • First of the two piece appliance introduced by Translet

17. Coloplast introduces plugs • Plugs used by stoma patients after irrigation

18. And Finally