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Chapter 14

Chapter 14. Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway Part 2: Gluconeogenesis and PPP. Gluconeogenesis and PPP Learning Goals. Know: Entry to gluconeogenesis. Glycolysis backwards: which enzymes are at Eq and those that are the drivers.

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Chapter 14

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  1. Chapter 14 Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway Part 2: Gluconeogenesis and PPP

  2. Gluconeogenesis and PPP Learning Goals. Know: Entry to gluconeogenesis. Glycolysis backwards: which enzymes are at Eq and those that are the drivers. What makes some amino acids glucogenic. Pentose Phosphate Pathway entry by glucose-6-P and transaldolases, transketolases. Why the PPP is a web pathway.

  3. Gluconeogenesis Forms Sugars from Other Metabolites

  4. Going Forwards and Backwards

  5. The Beginning of Gluconeogenesis

  6. Pyruvate Carboxylase

  7. PEP Carboxykinase

  8. Pyruvate Actually Has Two Ways to PEP

  9. The End of Gluconeogenesis

  10. Gluconeogenesis Energetics EOC Problem 21: overall energetics of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis. EOC Problem 22: Concept of a Futile Cycle.

  11. Pentose Phosphate Pathway Beginning +aromatic amino acids + His

  12. NADPH and Oxygen Toxicity SuperOxide Dismutase

  13. PPP Beginning from Glucose-6-Phosphate

  14. Lactonase

  15. 6-Phosphogluconate DH

  16. PhosphopentoseIsomerase (not an Epimerase)

  17. Ribose-5-PhosphateEpimerase

  18. PPP the Web like Pathway Stuck onto the Side of Glycolysis

  19. PPP Transketolases transfer 2 Carbon units

  20. PPP Transketolases transfer 2 Carbon units

  21. PPP Transaldolases transfer 3 Carbon units

  22. AnotherTransketolase

  23. PPP Arranged to Oxidize Glucose (6 in and 5 out) 6 Glucose-6-P

  24. Control of PPP by NADPH

  25. PPP Functions: • Produce Ribose-5-P for Nucleotide Synthesis • Produce Ribose-5-P for His Synthesis • Produce Erythrose-4P for Trp, Tyr, Phe Synthesis WYF • Can Completely Oxidize Glucose • Source of NADPH (Biosynthesis, Oxygen Killing System) • Can be Rearranged to Calvin Cycle – Fix CO2 • Other Specialized Reasons (Heterofermenters, etc. mainly in prokaryotes)

  26. Things to Know and Do Before Class Entry to gluconeogenesis. Glycolysis backwards: which enzymes are at Eq and those that are the drivers. What makes some amino acids glucogenic. Pentose Phosphate Pathway entry by glucose-6-P and transaldolases, transketolases. Why the PPP is a web pathway. EOC Problems: 21, 22, 25 – 27.

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