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Leveraging Secondary Brand Associations To Build Brand Equity

Leveraging Secondary Brand Associations To Build Brand Equity. C hapter|7. Leveraging Secondary Brand Associations To Build Brand Equity. C hapter|7. CONCEPTUALIZING THE LEVERAGING PROCESS. Secondary Brand Association. FIRST. Brand “borrows” some brand knowledge and, depending on the

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Leveraging Secondary Brand Associations To Build Brand Equity

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  1. Leveraging Secondary Brand Associations To Build Brand Equity Chapter|7

  2. Leveraging Secondary Brand Associations To Build Brand Equity Chapter|7 CONCEPTUALIZING THE LEVERAGING PROCESS

  3. Secondary Brand Association FIRST Brand “borrows” some brand knowledge and, depending on the nature of those associations and responses, perhaps some brand equity from other entities. SECOND Secondary brand knowledge may be quite important to creating strong, favorable, and unique associations or positive responses if existing brand associations or responses are deficient in some way. The indirect approach to building brand equity is LEVERAGING SECONDARY BRAND KNOWLEDGE for the brand.

  4. Leveraging Secondary Associations • Creation of new brand associations • Effects on existing brand knowledge • Awareness and knowledge of the entity • Meaningfulness of the knowledge of the entity • Transferability of the knowledge of the entity

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  10. SECONDARY BRAND ASSOCIATION

  11. MEANS 8

  12. MEANS 8 FOR SECONDARY CREATING KNOWLEDGE BRAND

  13. Other Third-Party Sources Channels of Distribution Companies Countries Characters Other Brands Events Spokespersons

  14. Leveraging Secondary Associations • Brand associations may themselves be linked to other entities, creating secondary associations: • Company (through branding strategies) e.g. Aquifina by Pepsi Co • Country of origin (through identification of product origin) Sony from Japan • Channels of distribution (through channels strategy) • Other brands (through co-branding) • Special case of co-branding is ingredient branding e.g. Intel Inside • Characters (through licensing) • Celebrity spokesperson (through endorsement advertising) Accenture and Tiger Woods • Events (through sponsorship) Coke and FIFA 2010 • Other third-party sources (through awards and reviews) Lux Style Awards

  15. Leveraging Secondary Associations • These secondary associations may lead to a transfer of: • Response-type associations • Judgments (especially credibility) • Feelings • Meaning-type associations • Product or service performance • Product or service imagery • Guidelines • Commonality (New Zealand and wool) • Complementarity (Buick and Tiger Woods)

  16. Company

  17. Company • Create a new brand • Adopt or modify an existing brand • Combine an existing and a new brand

  18. COUNTRY OF 2 ORIGIN AND OTHER GEOGRAPHIC AREAS

  19. Country of Origin • BMW • Germany • Nike • America • Sony • Japan • Chanel • France • Gucci • Italy

  20. 3 CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION

  21. Channels of Distribution • Customers might perceive a same brand differently depending on where it is sold.

  22. 4 CO-BRANDING

  23. Co-Branding • Also called brand bundling or brand alliance • Occurs when two or more existing brands are combined into a joint product or are marketed together in some fashion • Examples: • Sony Ericsson • Acer Ferrari • Siemens and Porsche design which produce a range of kettles, toasters and coffee machines • Star Alliance which includes 16 different airlines such as Lufthansa, Singapore Airlines • The Smart Car : Swatch and Mercedes Benz

  24. Advantages of Co-Branding • Borrow needed expertise • Leverage equity you don’t have • Reduce cost of product introduction • Expand brand meaning into related categories • Broaden meaning • Increase access points • Source of additional revenue

  25. Disadvantages of Co-Branding • Loss of control • Risk of brand equity dilution • Negative feedback effects • Lack of brand focus and clarity • Organizational distractions

  26. Ingredient Branding • A special case of co-branding that involves creating brand equity for materials, components, or parts that are necessarily contained within other branded products • Examples: • Intel inside

  27. 5 LICENSING

  28. Licensing • Involves contractual arrangements whereby firms can use the names, logos, characters, and so forth of other brands for some fixed fee • Examples: • Entertainment (Star Wars, Spider Man, Shriek , Micky Mouse of Disney etc.) • Television and cartoon characters (The Simpsons) • Designer apparel and accessories (Calvin Klein, Pierre Cardin, Ralph Lauren etc.) • Corporate Trademark Licensing • Standard & Poor’s and Dow Jones

  29. CELEBRITY 6 ENDORSEMENT

  30. BLAH BLAH BLAH BLAH BLAH BLAH BLAH

  31. Celebrity Endorsement • Draws attention to the brand • Shapes the perceptions of the brand • Celebrity should have a high level of visibility and a rich set of useful associations, judgments, and feelings • Q-Ratings to evaluate celebrities

  32. Celebrity Endorsement: Potential Problems • Celebrity endorsers can be overused by endorsing many products that are too varied. • There must be a reasonable match between the celebrity and the product. • Celebrity endorsers can get in trouble or lose popularity. • Many consumers feel that celebrities are doing the endorsement for money and do not necessarily believe in the endorsed brand. • Celebrities may distract attention from the brand.

  33. Culture Or Sporting Other Events

  34. Sporting, Cultural, or Other Events • Sponsored events can contribute to brand equity by becoming associated to the brand and improving brand awareness, adding new associations, or improving the strength, favorability, and uniqueness of existing associations. • The main means by which an event can transfer associations is credibility.

  35. third party sources

  36. Third-Party Sources • Marketers can create secondary associations in a number of different ways by linking the brand to various third-party sources. • Third-party sources can be especially credible sources. • Marketers often feature them in advertising campaigns and selling efforts . • Example: J.D. Power and Associates’ well-publicized Customer Satisfaction Index

  37. Key Points Brands can “borrow” equity from their association with people, places, programs, and other non-product-based sources. Secondary associations are strongest when consumers have awareness and strong, favorable, and unique perceptions of the external source. Secondary associations are most likely to affect evaluations when consumers lack the ability or motivation to judge product attributes. Leveraging secondary associations can be problematic because it requires marketers to give up some degree of control over the branding process.

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