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Jane Addams. By: Kendra Kaul. Family. Lived in Cedarville, Illinois Mother – Sarah Father – John Brother – John (11) Three sisters – Alice (10), Martha (13), Mary (18). John Addams. Sarah Addams. After Sarah’s Death. Medical History. Jane – 6 years old. Remarried.
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Jane Addams By: Kendra Kaul
Family • Lived in Cedarville, Illinois • Mother – Sarah • Father – John • Brother – John (11) • Three sisters – Alice (10), Martha (13), Mary (18)
In Philadelphia • Jane became very depressed and suffered from a nervous collapse and was hospitalized. • This prevented her from completing her medical degree. • She saw a doctor who was a specialist in nervous diseases. • He had Jane isolated in a white room, banned visitors, books, good food, and writing letters. • This lasted four to six weeks. • The doctor told Jane and other patients to be less selfish in the future.
Later Jane remembered that “my experience in Philadelphia of trying to fulfill too many objects at once [left me with]… an uneasy consciousness that I had not done what I came purposely to do, because I tried to do something else and failed in that.”
Perspective on Love • Her view on love was pessimistic. She wrote, "Love does not beget love, it is apt to produce dislike or what is worse hatred." • The love she admired was a higher form, "Platonic love or rather sacred friendship." Platonic love involved a meeting of souls rather than bodies.
Marriage • Another time she turned down a marriage was when her step-brother George asked. • Stepsiblings did sometimes marry in those days, and Anna was entirely in favor of the idea. • Jane was not in love with him and Anna was furious at Jane for this. • After Jane denied the marriage, George's mental state began to deteriorate, and Anna blamed Jane for this.
Returning Back to the States • Returning to the States after her long travels in Europe, Jane decided to move to Chicago to begin launching her and Ellen's plan. • The plan was based on the Toynbee Hall.
First Impressions of the House • The Hull House was the first settlement house in the United States. • One man shook his head and said, "It was the strangest thing he had met in his experience." • Small boys threw stones at the Hull mansion and broke windows. • People thought she was trying to convert them. • After a while necessity and curiosity drew people in. • The working mothers came first and then they started getting volunteers.
Hull House in 1893 • The summer of 1893 the Hull House and Jane Addams became famous. • The Hull House was on everyone's list as a place to visit. • Residents gave tours of the settlement's three buildings. • An art gallery had been built in 1891. • There was a second structure build which they called it the Gymnasium Building. • With the three buildings and twelve residents, including seven men became the largest settlement house in the United States.
Jane and Ellen • Ellen did not have as much free time as Jane did and did not take any part in the settlement's management. • Ellen did not have the talent or inclination to run Hull House. • Ellen criticized the Hull House. She only saw the settlements flaws more than its strengths. • Jane and Ellen's friendship changed. They were still good friends but the feeling of special closeness was gone.
After the Depression of the 1890’s • After the depression of the 1890’s the immigration jumped from 3.5 million to 9 million within in that decade. • Usually meaning that there is one person from the family that comes over first and does not have the rest of their family. • They may be coming over with not very much money.
Jane’s Sister - Mary • During the strike, Jane's sister, Mary was very ill. • Mary died from an unidentified illness at age 49.
Hull House - 1901 • By 1901, Jane had been living in the Hull House for twelve years. • The settlement house had changed. • There was a children's building, where kindergarten, day care programs, and clubs and classes were housed; a cooperative apartment building for workingwomen; and a coffeehouse-theater building. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw4GZeABlNI
William James • William James wrote to Jane Addams, "The fact is, Madam, that you are not like the rest of us, who seek the truth and try to express it. You inhabit reality; and when you open your mouth truth can't help being uttered."
Aristotle • Roosevelt was running for president and said that, "All of us taken collectively, the people as a whole, must feel our obligation to work by government action... to make the conditions better for those who are unfairly pressed down in the fierce competition of modern industrial life." • Jane did not think that Roosevelt could win, but she thought the campaign was valuable because it educated citizens about the issues. • Jane wrote in the Ladies' Home Journal, just before the election, using a Greek philosopher to bolster her case. • Jane Addams wrote, "Aristotle is reportedly to have said that politics is a school wherein questions are studied not for the sake of knowledge, but for the sake of action."
Death • On May 15, 1935, Jane felt a sharp pain in her abdomen. • A few days later she went into the hospital for surgery. • The surgeons found that her lower cavity was riddled with cancer. • Her friends and family did not tell her what the surgeons had learned and a few days after her surgery, on May 21, 1935, at age seventy-four, she died.
Legacies • Janes biggest accomplishment was the Hull House which was the largest social service agency in Chicago and the first settlement house in America. • WILPF – the oldest women's international peace organization in the world. • Very involved in many campaigns, clubs, and organizations. • Wrote many books. • Nobel Peace Prize • Activist – a person who brings political or social change. • Pacifist – a person who is against violence and war. • Dissenter – a person who opposes society's accepted beliefs. • Politician and advisor. • Feminist • https://www.hullhousemuseum.org/
Questions • What influences do you think Janes travels to Europe had on Hull House? • Who do you think had the biggest influence on Jane? • How has social work changed from back then to now?
References Knight, L. W. (2010). Jane Adams: Spirit in Action. New York. W. W. Norton & Company.
