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Assessing Aerosol Assimilation Impacts on Air Quality Forecasting using EnKF and GSI

Explore the importance of assimilating satellite observations for air quality and chemical forecasting, focusing on the impact of fine aerosols and ozone on human health. Discover the interdependence of meteorology and atmospheric chemistry and the challenges faced in data assimilation. Evaluate the results of experiments involving the assimilation of aerosols and meteorological data to improve air quality forecasting.

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Assessing Aerosol Assimilation Impacts on Air Quality Forecasting using EnKF and GSI

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  1. Experiments with Assimilation of Fine Aerosols using GSI and EnKF with WRF-Chem(on the need of assimilating satellite observations) MariuszPagowski Georg A. Grell NOAA/ESRL

  2. Importance of air quality/chemical forecasting and data assimilation • Fine aerosols and ozone detrimental to health. PM2.5 is the single most critical factor affecting human mortality due to air pollution. • Interdependence of meteorology and atmospheric chemistry: e.g. aerosols affect radiation and microphysics; improved model chemistry has a potential to positively influence meteorology. • Because of these interdependence assimilation of chemistry has • a potential to improve assimilation of meteorology via regression relationships either in VAR or EnKF; and vice versa. • Potential largely unrealized yet because of the weaknesses of parameterizations, deficiencies of retrieval and data assimilation methods.

  3. Challenges in air quality/chemical forecasting and data assimilation • Scarcity of observations, especially in the vertical both for model verification and data assimilation, also for aerosol species. • Multiple state variables (in tens) and parameterizations have large uncertainties – to account for such errors ensembles would benefit from stochastic parameterization. • Results very much dependent on source emissions, error estimates in surface emissions 50-200% – need for ensembles using correlated perturbations. • Air quality tied to meteorology in the boundary-layer, ensembles tend to collapse and surface observations poorly assimilated.

  4. Observations AIRNow network IMPROVE and STN networks Total aerosol mass; 1-hr average available round the clock; urban, suburban, rural sites, unknown; suitable for r-t assimilation. Aerosol species: SO4, OC, EC; 24-hour averages every three days; available after several weeks/months; limited value for assimilation, possibly for FGAT in diagnostic studies.

  5. Regional Model ARW WRF-Chem updated version 3.2.1 grid length ~60 km, 40 vertical levels GOCART aerosol for computational reasons; assimilate standard meteorological observations (prepbufr) and AIRNow PM2.5 in 6-hr cycle with 1-hr window; NMM lateral boundary conditions; GSI: Background Error Statistics derived from continuous forecasts in summer 2006 using NMC method; EnKF: 50 ensembles initialized from NMM using background error statistics and perturbing emissions; June 1 - July 15, 2010 Emission perturbations – an example

  6. PM2.5 increment – examples 00 UTC 12 UTC

  7. Experiments/Evaluations AIRNOW PM2.5

  8. Conclusions • Large positive impact of assimilation, but fast error growth after the assimilation; from previous work: positive effect still present after 24 hours; potential of ensembles. • Some advantage of EnKF over GSI in terms of total PM2.5 mass. Little impact of assimilations on individual aerosols species. • Detrimental when ensemble filter determines speciation compared to a priori ratios-> GOCART physics/chemistry not reliable for this modeling domain. Still, GOCART attractive because of simplicity, speed. • (JGR, 2012: • http://www.agu.org/journals/jd/papersinpress.shtml#id2012JD018333) • Negative effect of meteorology on aerosols due to regressions derived by the filter – analysis follows.

  9. EnKF_Met vs. EnKF_no_Met Time series of domain averaged PM2.5 concentration (after five-day spin-up) No_Met Met

  10. EnKF_Met vs. EnKF_no_Met PM2.5 concentration model level 23 Geopotential perturbation No_Met Met

  11. EnKF_Met vs. EnKF_no_Met PM2.5 concentration model level 23 + 12h No_Met Geopotential perturbation Met

  12. Conclusions • Negative effect of meteorology/aerosol regressions derived by the filter: • model builds up high PM2.5 concentrations above PBL since no observations available to constrain the effect – possibly counteract with satellite observations, near future: experiments with AOD.

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