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Timothy Stryker U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior

Earth Observations to Benefit Societies A Briefing on the Activities of the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS). Timothy Stryker U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior. NASA Sensor Web PI Meeting Orlando, Florida April 2, 2008. CEOS Background.

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Timothy Stryker U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior

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  1. Earth Observations to Benefit SocietiesA Briefing on the Activities of the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Timothy Stryker U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior NASA Sensor Web PI Meeting Orlando, Florida April 2, 2008

  2. CEOS Background • Established in 1984 from the Economic Summit of Industrialized Nations • Recognized value of cross-disciplinary efforts • Need to coordinate Earth observation satellite missions • Partners with other international organizations, systems, and coordination groups • World Meteorological Organization • Global Climate, Oceanic, and Terrestrial Observing Systems • Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites • Operates through best efforts of Members and Associates via voluntary contributions • Space segment provider for the Group on Earth Observations (GEO)

  3. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) • Actions from COP - 10, 11, 12, and 13 • “Satellite Observation of the Climate System: The CEOS Response to the GCOS Implementation Plan” • Response covers atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial domains, as well as cross-cutting issues • 59 actions identify additional resources needed to fill gaps • Calls for a major, sustained satellite component

  4. GCOS 26 Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) A. Atmosphere A.1 Surface Wind Speed and Direction A.2 Upper-Air Temperature A.3 Water Vapour A.4 Cloud properties A.5 Precipitation A.6 Earth Radiation Budget A.7 Ozone A.8 Atmospheric Reanalysis (multiple ECVs) A.9 Aerosols A.10 Carbon Dioxide, Methane and other Greenhouse Gases A.11 Upper-Air Wind O. Oceans O.1 Sea Ice O.2 Sea Level O.3 Sea Surface Temperature O.4 Ocean Colour O.5 Sea State O.6 Ocean Reanalysis O.7 Ocean Salinity T. Terrestrial T.1 Lakes T.2 Glaciers and Ice Caps, and Ice Sheets T.3 Snow Cover T.4 Albedo T.5 Land Cover T.6 fAPAR T.7 LAI T.8 Biomass T.9 Fire Disturbance T.10 Soil moisture

  5. Connecting Satellite Observation Systems to GEOSS • Integrate observing systems, nationally and internationally, to benefit from the increased number and distribution of observations of any given event • Identify measures to minimize data gaps – to move toward a comprehensive, coordinated, and sustained Global Earth Observation “System of Systems”

  6. CEOS Space Segment Support to GEO • Implementation Plan for Space-Based Observations for GEOSS • CEOS-GEO Actions Table • Virtual Constellations Initiative • Dedicated Staff Support • CEOS Executive Officer • GEO SBA Coordinators • Working Group Chairs

  7. CEOS Virtual Constellations Initiative • Contribution to GEO observational requirements • Synergies among national and regional satellite programs • Atmospheric Composition • Ocean Surface Topography • Precipitation • Land Surface Imaging • Common guidelines • Optimal end-to-end capabilities • Coordinated user requirements for future systems

  8. CEOS Virtual Constellations Decision-Making Support Process Societal Need Societal Benefit Decision Makers Disaster Warning System Volcanic Eruption Ash Information Improved Indexes andForecast Products Science Improved knowledge and models Needs and Requirements Results and Products individual missions provide limited continuity and coverage Measurements Constellation provides improved continuity and coverage Improved technology Mission

  9. Atmospheric Composition Monitor severe environmental phenomena worldwide Support public warnings and increase effectiveness of emergency responders Gauge effectiveness of environmental treaties April 15, 2004 NO2 Concentrations (Vehicle Emissions) Over the United States

  10. Ocean Surface Topography Monitor Sea Level Rise Better understand scope and pace of climate change Provide information on ocean temperature and chemistry, and possible ocean current changes Analyze formation and forecast movement of severe storms at sea Rising Sea Levels worldwide will impact islands and coastal regions such as Mumbai, India Sea levels are rising at an average rate of ~3mm per year

  11. Precipitation Track rainfall’s seasonal progression Better understand development, movement, and impact of severe storms Improve our understanding of the water cycle Support improved water resource management

  12. Land Surface Imaging Monitor changes to farmlands, coastlines, deserts, and forests Track short-term threats to climate change such as wildfires, floods, and volcanic activity Africa’s Lake Chad: From 1972 to 2001

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