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BPA Guidelines for Measurement & Verification of Energy Efficiency Measures

This presentation discusses the importance of measurement and verification (M&V) methods in determining energy savings for projects. It also explains key concepts such as energy savings, M&V uncertainty, and baseline establishment. The presentation provides references, M&V methods, and favorite techniques for conducting M&V. Additionally, it outlines the basic steps for project review, the key elements of a proposal, and specific requirements for a Lite M&V Plan.

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BPA Guidelines for Measurement & Verification of Energy Efficiency Measures

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  1. BPA Guidelines forMeasurement & Verification of Energy Efficiency Measures Presented at Brown Bag Session November 29, 2006

  2. Reasons for M&V • BPA provides payments or credits to project sponsor for completion of projects that produce energy savings. • Measurement & Verification methods are used to determine BPA’s payments or credits to a project sponsor. • M&V activities often lead to higher energy savings and greater persistence of savings.

  3. The M&V Plan • The M&V Plan is a key element in any Project Proposal. • During review, we focus on the M&V Plan much more than the estimated energy savings.

  4. Energy Savings are a reduction in electric energy consumption as a result of increased efficiency, beyond what would have occurred without the project. Energy Savings can only be determined by comparing Baseline Energy Use to Post-Project Energy Use Energy Savings = Baseline kWh/year – Post-Project kWh/year Key Concepts – Energy Savings

  5. Metered Power Salesvs.Calculated Energy Savings(Or, why you need M&V.)

  6. M&V Uncertainty • Measurement Error • Sampling Error • Weather • Changing Operating Schedules • Varying Loads • Changes in Setpoints • Changes in Use • Manual Overrides • Occupancy Changes • Production Levels Changes

  7. Key Concepts – Baseline • Baseline energy use must be established and agreed to prior to project approval. • Baselines may also be needed for weather, operating schedules etc. • Typical baseline period is one year.

  8. Key Concepts – MeasuredBaseline • Retrofits usually use existing conditions for the baseline. • Existing Conditions can be measured, …….but only before the project begins! • The period of the measurement is usually set long enough to capture operational cycles, but not seasonal weather cycles; typically 1 to 2 weeks.

  9. Key Concepts – HypotheticalBaseline • New construction, planned replacements, and major remodels require a hypothetical baseline. • This baseline cannot be measured! • The inherent uncertainty is a key issue. • Must also include cost baseline. • In general, this baseline must exceed standard practice, energy codes, and related requirements and standards.

  10. Favorite References • International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocols http://www.ipmvp.org/ • Site Specific Verification Guidelines, BPA 1992 http://www.bpa.gov/Energy/N/Projects/cr_discount/pdf/site_specific_verification.pdf

  11. M&V Methods IPMVP Options • Partially Measured Retrofit Isolation • Retrofit Isolation • Whole Facility • Calibrated Simulation

  12. Problematic Methods • Vague Descriptions • Estimates • Stipulated Values • Complex calculations with unstated assumption.

  13. Sample Spreadsheet Calculation

  14. Favorite Techniques • Retrofit Isolation with Pre and Post Metering • Extrapolation to Annual • Simple multiplication if metered period is representative of entire year • Outside Air Temperature Regression • BIN analysis

  15. Outside Temperature vs. kW

  16. Programs and Procedures • BPA has a variety of programs, e.g. CAA & CRC • Programs and contracts have specific requirements, but there are common steps for review and acceptance of projects. • Our focus today is on some common elements in review and approval of site specific proposals in the commercial sector.

  17. Basic Steps for Project Review • Sponsor submits a project proposal to BPA. • BPA and works with the sponsor to develop a mutually acceptable proposal. • Approved project is implemented. • Sponsor submits a Completion Report with Verified savings to BPA. • BPA reviews and approves the Completion Report

  18. Key Elements of Proposal • Eligibility • Measure Description • Baseline • Estimated Cost • Estimated Energy Savings • M&V Plan

  19. Specific Requirements • Info at http://www.bpa.gov/Energy/N/projects/post2006conservation/ • Note Lite M&V Plan Requirements, pages 16 & 17 of Implementation Manual (see next slide) • Also, http://www.ptr.nwcouncil.org/

  20. Lite M&V Plan Examples • Steady Loads Equipment, such as Exhaust Fans & Water Pumps • Dairy Vacuum Pump • Others?

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