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Regional dialogue on climate-proofing growth & development to achieve SDG, highlighting governance components, alignment with INDC & SDG, Odisha state budget coding, impact assessments, and climate sensitivity. Focus on coastal vulnerability, stormwater drainage, and agricultural emissions in Odisha.
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Climate Governance to achieve SDGs: Initiatives in Odisha (INDIA) REGIONAL DIALOGUE ON THE ROLE OF CLIMATE PROOFING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT TO ACHIEVE THE SDG 04- 06, march 2019 Dr.Debasish Roy Addl. Project director, Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project, Forest & Environment Dept. Govt. of Odisha
Components of Governance • Alignment with INDC and SDG • The linkages of SAPCC to INDC-SDG • Odisha State Budget Coding • Targeted impact assessment study • Coastal vulnerability and its impact on coastal districts • Storm water drainage • System of rice intensification
ALIGNMENT WITH INDC AND SDG • Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) is the beginning of the climate change agenda in the development planning process. • SAPCC is largely aligned to National Missions. In turn National Missions are expected to contribute to the NDC. • Since there is a fair degree of convergence between NDC goals and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), effort has been made to capture the achievements and linkages of various proposed actions under SAPCC.
Following activities have high potential for implementation and strong linkage to INDC-SDG
Odisha State Budget Coding • How benefits from development programmes additionally contribute to improving resilience to climate change. This is denoted by Climate Change Relevance Share (CCRS) • How programme benefits are likely to be impacted by climate change itself in the absence of climate change specific planning interventions. This is denoted by Climate Change Sensitivity Share (CCSS). • Both these scores have been applied as percentages to the outlay of a programme (and therefore to an entire sectoral budget), to gauge the relative extent of climate proofing effort that has to be undertaken to prevent loss of intended benefits through development plans. • All the schemes analysed have been ranked based on their CCRS for the purpose of prioritisation by policy makers at the time of budget allocations to ensure maximum climate as well as welfare benefits.
Summary of findings Of the analysed expenditure across 11 of the SAPCC sectors; 48% was climate relevant 43% was sensitive to climate change
Impact Assessment Study • Coastal Vulnerability and its Impact on Coastal Districts • Storm Water Drainage • Green House gas emission from Agriculture & System of Rice Intensification • Overall Assessment
Coastal Vulnerability and its Impact on Coastal Districts The coastal vulnerability can be calculated through geological variables (rate of shoreline-change, geomorphology of Coastal region and coastal slope) and physical variables (sea-level rise, mean tidal range and mean wave height). To know the potential loss of life here we have evaluated the hazard related vulnerability. Hazard mapping is a common method for vulnerability assessment. In this case, to know the extent of vulnerability and quantification of loss of life, the climate-induced factors (Sea level Rise, Storm surge and erosion hotspots) have been used. Impacts on Biophysical/ natural Systems and Socio economic system The following table shows the impact on bio-physical and socio-economic systems
Storm Water Drainage • Urban system has two critical elements (a) infrastructure (b) livelihood along with quality of life. These include urban heat island effect, urban flooding due to impervious surfaces, sea level rise threatening development and life in coastal cities and water logging. • The following stressors would impact the city vulnerability due to climate change.
Perspective plan Government Odisha has been trying to cope with the urban flooding issue and has the following perspective plan for Storm water drainage
How much GHG Agriculture contributes? Agriculture has been shown to produce significant amount of effect on climate change by production and release of different greenhouse gases (GHG) such as Carbon Dioxide, Methane and Nitrous Oxide. It accounts for 10-12% of total global anthropogenic emissions. As per IPCC, agriculture contributes to 47% of anthropogenic methane and 58% of nitrous oxide emissions. In Agriculture, rice production contributes maximum methane emission. A study of GHG emissions from irrigated rice in India revealed that total methane emission in Kharif season(105 days) ranged from 24.5 to 37.2 Kg ha-1
Problems Now summers have become longer, winters have become warmer and rains from 120 to 90 days –Erratic CC is expected to aggravate stresses on natural systems, including hydrological system and groundwater resources putting agricultural use at stake. Adaptation benefit of System of Rice Intensification System of rice intensification is a methodology of rice cultivation which has higher productivity of irrigated rice applying lesser amount of inputs, including seeds, fertiliser and water requirement. The system of rice intensification offers numerous benefits against various climate change implications .
By cutting the demands that rice farmers make on surface irrigation and ground water supplies, SRI can take pressure off scare freshwater and aquifers supplies. • Reduced use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides coupled with higher inputs of organic improves environment management. • With deeper root system, SRI plant can withstand temporary water stress condition. Drought tolerance has more relevance for small and marginal farmers as they have least access to irrigation water. • SRI plants are resistant to disease and pest attack. Given the rate of disease pest attack under climate change scenario, SRI benefit is more relevance in the face of climate change • SRI rice is less vulnerable to severe weather stress conditions due to its deeper root system and better plant growth • Under SRI cultivation, varieties mature early than conventional method. This reduces the frequency of losses due to bad weather, pest or diseases, which come at the end of normal growing season and expected to occur more with climate change.
