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This paper discusses the need for an ecological approach to internet development in order to accommodate the growing number of internet users in Africa. It explores the social infrastructure of the internet, the need for engineering systems changes, future research on the internet, recent developments in internet governance, and the concept of an ecological internet. The paper also raises important questions about new internet users, carbon reduction, local culture, and moving away from market-driven development.
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Future Internet Research & Ecological Internet AfriNIC 2012.11.27 Kilnam Chon Keio University and KAIST 2012.11.26rev
Are you ready for One Billion Internet Users in Africa? Human resource development may be the main issue. 3
Contents 1. Global Internet Users 2. Internet as Social Infrastructure 3. Engineering Systems 4. Future Internet Research 5. Recent Development 6. Ecological Internet 7. Remark Bibliography 4
1. Global Internet Users • : ~2 billion Internet users(out of 7 billions) • - Passed the tipping point of 25% • : ~5 billion Internet users(out of 7.5 billions) • - Most of people in the world • How do we facilitate new (and current) Internet users ecologically sound manner? • - environment preservation: how do we control CO2? • - culture preservation: how do we enrich local culture?
2. Internet as Social Infrastructure • What kinds of the social infrastructure is the Internet • being developed around the world? • Example: Transportation • - Train: Good social infrastructure • - Car: Need to avoid USA phenomena
3. Engineering Systems All engineering systems go through periodic major changes. - Road: unpaved paved high speed - Train: steam engine electric engine high speed - Phone: manual automatic mobile smart - Television: black & white color high definition Is it time for the Internet to go through the major change?
4. Future (of the) Internet Research Long term research on fundamental issues Future Internet research started in 2000s. 2005~ USA/NSF 2006~ EU/FP 2006~ Asia
4.1 Future Internet Research Future Internet Issues - Security - Mobility - Scalability - Management Current Internet 9
4.2 Future Internet Research(addition) Future Internet Applications - eHealth - eEducation - eSociety Technologies - Cloud Computing - Internet of Things Issues - Security - Mobility - Scalability - Management Current Internet 10
4.3 Future Internet Research(addition) Future Internet Applications - eHealth - eGovernment - eSociety Technologies - Cloud Computing - Internet of Things New Users - The Other Billions Green - Green Internet - Green Society Data Explosion Issues - Security - Mobility - Scalability - Management Current Internet 11
5. Recent Development Walled Garden Video as Major Application Data Explosion Fundamental Study Problems Internet Governance
5.1 Walled Garden? Facebook with one billion users Broadband Services in Japan(NTT), Korea(KT),... Great Firewall(China)
5.3 Data Explosion Video Traffic - Smart TV,…. Internet of Things/Smart Device/M2M - Machine as the Internet user
5.4 Fundamental Studies May need fundamental studies on the Internet - Computer Science 1960s~ - Data Science 2000s~ - Web Science 2000s~ - Language Science 2000s~ - Network Science 2010s~
5.5 Problems and Abuse • Global • - Cyber Attack • - Cyber Terrorism • - Cyber Warfare/Cyber Weapon • Personal • - Privacy • - Addiction • - Cyber Violence
5.6 Internet Governance Current Stakeholders on Internet Governance - USA Federal Government - Other Governments(EU, National Governments,..) - ICANN and NRO - Standardization Organizations(IETF, ITU, ISO,...) - Internet Governance Forum What Internet governance model are we looking for?
6. Ecological Internet Why Ecological Internet? Shall we call Ecological Internet? What are the Issues?
6.1 Why Ecological Internet Now? It may be time to think of the long term perspective of the Internet as critical global social infrastructure We need to develop social infrastructure based on consensus rather than market driven. Future Internet research & development may address - for all people in the world, not just current users - harmonization with human society and global environment
6.2 Ecological Internet • We may call the emerging global social infrastructure based as • Ecological Internet; • - The Internet we can sustain and we want to sustain • - The Internet, which is harmonized with human society • - The Internet governance based on consensus like ecological democracy • - The Internet like Green State proposed by Robyn Eckersley
6.3 What are the Issues? New Internet Users How do we facilitate new Internet users(and current Internet users) in ecologically sound manner? Carbon How do we comply with the carbon reduction? Local Culture How do we harmonize with local culture and society? Market Driven How do we move away from the market driven development as appropriate?
7. Remark • It is only the beginning of the Internet revolution now. • Are we making the mistakes of other global infrastructures like automobile, nuclear systems,..? • Are we having good global coordination now? • Openness( data, education, research,..) are changing the world as the important element of Ecological Internet. • Human resource development may be most important.
Bibliography Global Internet Governance Forum ITU/ISO Internet Society/IETF/IRTF EU FP7(FI Week, FI Assembly, EIFFLE,..) USA NSF Asia AsiaFI, CNGI, NWGN, FIF Robyn Eckersley The Green State: Rethinking Democracy and Sovereighty, 2004. David Sanger Confront and Conceal, Crown, 2012.
