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Exploring Evolution: From Molecular Similarities to Extinction Events

Delve into the intricate world of evolution, from measuring fitness over generations to the impact of environmental changes. Uncover the mysteries of intermediate traits, phylogeny, DNA comparisons, and more. Discover the secrets behind convergent evolution and the driving forces of evolutionary change. Join us on a journey through the history of Earth and the diversity of life as we know it.

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Exploring Evolution: From Molecular Similarities to Extinction Events

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  1. Office hours aplenty... http://users.path.ox.ac.uk/~wjames/Evolution/evolution4_files/slide0006_image035.jpg

  2. Fitness measured over many generations

  3. Fig 25.14 Evolution does not always occur at the same rate.

  4. Fig24.17 Why are intermediate traits sometimes hard to find?

  5. What drives evolution? What changes selection criteria?

  6. Fig 25.14 The rate of evolution depends on the rate of environmental change.

  7. We do not know what caused the largest extinction event known. Fig 25.14

  8. Fig 25.14 Dinosaur extinction

  9. Fig 25.15 an Asteroid impact, 65 mya

  10. Fig 25.7 History of Earth

  11. Fig 26.21 Life as we know it…

  12. Molecular similarities show relationships that are not obvious by morphology Fig 26.2

  13. Convergent Evolution means that morphology is a poor predictor of evolutionary relationships Fig 26.7

  14. Phylogeny and its connection to evolution Fig 26.4

  15. Fig 26.3 phylogenetic hierarchy

  16. an evolutionary tree: comparing gene sequences Fig 26.13

  17. Phylogenies as multiple hypotheses Percent difference between sequence Fig 26.14

  18. Fig 26.15 Phylogenies as multiple hypotheses: parsimony

  19. Fig 26.15 Phylogenies as multiple hypotheses: parsimony (more tree making practice in discussion)

  20. Fig 26.21 Life as we know it…

  21. Fig 34.37 DNA is passed from generation to generation, and therefore can tell us about relationships between species.

  22. The earth is covered in humans. How did this occur?

  23. Only the egg provides mitochondria to the offspring. Fig 47.3 mitochondria

  24. Mitochondrial DNA comparisons can be used to trace ancestry:

  25. mtDNA helped determine what happened to Anastasia

  26. Non-Coding DNA is used for comparisons between individuals

  27. Only DNA that is successfully passed on can be used to trace the past. Fig 1

  28. Next: Are we genetically programed to be racist? • Office Hours • Bonuses

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