Challenges of Implementing the Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) in Sri Lanka

1. Challenges of Implementing the Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) in Sri Lanka Regional Joint Conference on Disaster Relief and Management, Alexandria, Egypt 14th-17th Mar 2007 Nuwan Waidyanatha 12 Balcombe Place, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka Tel: +94 (0)773 710 394 Email: waidyanatha@lirne.net

2. 5 ICTs Tested for Reliability and Effectiveness in the Last-Mile CDMA Mobile Phone RAD AREA VSAT

3. HazInfo Research Matrix for Pilot Project The general objective is to evaluate the suitability of five ICTs deployed in varied conditions for their suitability in the last mile of a national disaster warning system for Sri Lanka and possibly by extension to other developing countries.

4. Multiple Paths, Multiple Technologies and Multiple Gateways

5. Common Alerting Protocol Profile for Sri Lanka ??? Unique ID Name of entity Date & Time Exercise / Test / Actual Alert / Acknowledgement Public / Private / Restricted

6. Message Received at the Sarvodaya Hub TEST TESTTESTTESTTESTTESTTESTTESTTESTTESTTESTTESTTEST Last-Mile HazInfo Simulation. No Repeat No Real Event is Effect TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVICE NUMBER 001Issued at 09:55 am on Monday, December 11, 2006BY Anonymous A SEVERE CATEGORY 4 CYCLONE is now current for AMPARA and MATARA District coastal areas. At 06:00 am local time SEVERE TROPICAL CYCLONE MONTY was estimated to be 80 kilometres northeast of Ampara District and moving southwest at 10 kilometres per hour. Severe Tropical Cyclone Monty is expected to cross the coast in the vicinity of Ampara and Matara Districts during Monday. Gales with gusts to 180 kilometres per hour are likely in coastal communities in Ampara and Matara District during the day. This is to alert the residents of Ampara and Matara District about the potential of a very dangerous storm tide as the cyclone centre approaches the coast. Tides are likelyto rise significantly above the normal high tide mark with very dangerous flooding, damaging waves and strong currents. Widespread heavy rain and further flooding are likely in southern parts of the Ampara and Matara Districts over the next few days. TEST TESTTESTTESTTESTTESTTESTTESTTESTTESTTESTTESTTEST Last-Mile HazInfo Simulation. No Repeat No Real Event is Effect.

7. Message Transformed to CAP Message at Sarvodaya Hub

8. Example of Output Message from Hazard-Information-Hub to the Last-Mile • <alert> • <identifier>HIH-2006-12-11T143500</identifier> • <sender>hih@sarvodaya.lk</sender> • <sent>2006-12-11T10:20:25.0000000+06:00</sent> • <status>Exercise</status> • <msgType>Alert</msgType> • <source>hazard@lirne.net</source> • <scope>Restricted</scope> • <info> • <language>en-US</language> • <category>Meto</ category> • < event>Cyclone</event> • <responseType>Prepare</responseType> • <urgency>Expected</urgency> • <severity>Severe</severity> • <certainty>Observed</certainty> • <description>At 06:00 am local time SEVERE TROPICAL CYCLONE MONTY was estimated to be 80 kilometers northeast of Ampara District and moving southwest at 10 kilometers per hour. Severe Tropical Cyclone Monty is expected to cross the coast in the vicinity of Ampara and Matara Districts during Monday. Gales with gusts to 180 kilometers per hour are likely in coastal communities in Ampara and Matara District during the day. • This is to alert the residents of Ampara and Matara District about the potential of a very dangerous storm tide as the cyclone centre approaches the coast. Tides are likely to rise significantly above the normal high tide mark with very dangerous flooding, damaging waves and strong currents. Widespread heavy rain and further flooding are likely in southern parts of the Ampara and Matara Districts over the next few days. </description> • </alert>

9. “WorldSpace” CAP Alerts over AREA-B

10. “Dialog Telekom” CAP Alerts over Mobile Phones & RADs

11. “Solana Networks” Internet Public Alerting over VSAT

12. Voice Alerts over CDMA

13. CAP Interoperability Silent Tests SMS/GSM TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP UDP/IP Study of Interoperability

14. RELIABILITY

15. Reliability of WorldSpace Satellite System Reliability is measured as a function of the difference between the time it takes ICT Provider to “receive” message in to their servers and the time the message was “received” by the ICT Guardian.

16. Reliability of WorldSpace Satellite System (Average = 0.9389, Variance = 0.0041) Average = 0.91

17. Reliability of WorldSpace Satellite Radios in the Last-Mile Reliability is measured as a function of the difference between the time it takes HIH Monitor to “receive” message and the time the message was “received” by the Community.

18. Reliability of WorldSpace Satellite Radios in the Last-Mile (Average = 0.2081 Variance = 0.0365)

19. Control Village MTTF (Average = 0.1074, Variance = 0.0008)

20. Reliability Comparison of WorldSpace Relative to Control Villages

21. EFFECTIVENESS

22. Sigmoid Scaling Function for Language Diversity Study the Effectiveness of ICT as a Warning Technology

23. Sigmoid Scaling Function for Full CAP Compliance Study the Effectiveness of ICT as a Warning Technology

24. Sigmoid Scaling Function for -- Mix of Audio and Text Communication Medium Video not considers Study the Effectiveness of ICT as a Warning Technology

25. Reliability and Effectiveness of the AREA - B Rating of ICT as a Warning Technology

26. OTHER TECHNICAL PROBLEMS

27. Network Connections

28. Network Congestion

33. Observations/Conclusions An effective system must first include: • development of the necessary human capacity -HIH-Monitors, ICT Guardians, and ERP Coordinators • proper local risk management • public education to supplement the deficiencies of an end-to-end fully-automatic early warning system. • simulated drills conducted regularly