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Chapter 6

Chapter 6. “In the Mood” : The Swing Era, 1935-1945. Chapter 6 (outline). Swing Music and American Culture Benny Goodman: “The King of Swing” Duke Ellington in the Swing Era Kansas City Swing: Count Basie Superstar of Swing: Glenn Miller

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Chapter 6

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  1. Chapter 6 “In the Mood” :The Swing Era, 1935-1945

  2. Chapter 6 (outline) Swing Music and American Culture Benny Goodman: “The King of Swing” Duke Ellington in the Swing Era Kansas City Swing: Count Basie Superstar of Swing: Glenn Miller Country Music in the Swing Era: Roy Acuff, Singing Cowboys, and Western Swing Latin Music in the Swing Era ASCAP, the AFM, and the Decline of the Big Bands

  3. “…like the left hand of God…” • Riffing (short, repeated patterns) • Clarence “Pine Top” Smith (1904-1929)“Pine Top’s Boogie Woogie” (1928) [1st published use of term]Ex. pinetop's boogie woogie 1928 - YouTube • Albert Ammons (1907-1949), Chicago“Boogie Woogie Stomp”Ex. Boogie Woogie Stomp - Albert Ammons - YouTube • Meade “Lux” Lewis (1905-1964), Chicago“Honky Tonk Train Blues”Exs. HONKY TONK TRAIN BLUES - Meade Lux Lewis – YouTube- Keith Emerson & Oscar Peterson - Honky Tonky Train Blues - YouTube • Pete Johnson (1904-1967), Kansas City“Roll ‘em Pete” (w/ Big Joe Turner) (1938)Ex. Big Joe Turner - Pete Johnson 1938 ~ Roll 'Em Pete - YouTube

  4. “Territory Bands” • Kansas City and the Southwest • 12-bar Blues forms, 4 strong beats, faster tempo • Walter Page and Blue Devils (Oklahoma City-Wichita)“Blue Devil Blues” (1929)Ex. Walter Page's Blue Devils - Blue Devil Blues (1929) - YouTube • Bennie Moten (Kansas City)“Moten Swing” (1933)Ex. Bennie Moten's Kansas City Orchestra - Moten's Swing (Moten Swing) Victor 23384 1933 - YouTube • Andy Kirk and his Twelve Clouds of Joy(Dallas, then Kansas City)“Take It and Git” (First # 1 on Harlem Hit Parade, 1942)Ex. Andy Kirk And His Twelve Clouds Of Joy-Take It And Git (Decca 4366) - YouTube

  5. William “Count” Basie (1904-84) • Local NJ piano, organ player • Harlem “stride” piano • Touring (stuck in KC) • Bennie Moten’s Band (1929-35) • Forms own band (1935-36) • Heard by John Hammond • Brought to NYC • Battles Chick Webb’s band to “tie” • House Band at Famous Door • The leading “swing band” after 1938 ExamplesShoe Shine Boy (w/ Lester Young) JONES-SMITH INC. (COUNT BASIE) SHOE SHINE BOY 78RPM - YouTubeOne O’Clock JumpOne O'Clock Jump - Count Basie – YouTube (Textbook LG, p. 172-3)

  6. Glenn Miller(1904-1944?) • Most successful band (commercial, 1939-44) • Disciplined arrangements • Lost in WW II • Exs.- Glenn Miller - In The Mood [HQ] – YouTube (textbook, p. 173-4)- Glenn Miller - Chattanooga Choo Choo - Sun Valley Serenade (1941) HQ – YouTube- Moonlight Serenade By The Glenn Miller Orchestra - YouTube

  7. “Duke” Ellington (1899-1974) • Cotton Club (1926-31) • Touring from 1931 on- never disbands • Eclipsed in popularity by others • Ellington as Composer- long-term stability in band- interest in small groups- Billy Strayhorn (co-arranger) • “Beyond category” • Exs.- “Caravan” Duke Ellington - Caravan – YouTube (Textbook LG, p. 169-70)-“Take the ‘A’ Train” Duke Ellington Orchestra "Take The A Train" 1943 - YouTube “Fate is being kind to me.Fate doesn't want me to be famous too young.”- declining Pulitzer Prize in 1965 (awarded posthumously in 1999)

  8. Country Music • Expanding markets in the Swing Era (1935-45) • Southerners moving north (urban industries) • Growth of non-Southern audiences - Clear channel radio (50,000 watt signals) - BMI (see next slide) - World War II (“Victory Discs”) • General decline of Big Bands (war shortages)

  9. Music Licensing • American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP, founded 1914) - Controlled 90% of Tin Pan Alley songs - demanding higher fees from radio • Broadcast Music Inc (BMI) - founded by radio broadcasters - open door policy for all songwriters • “Petrillo Ban” – no new recordings (1942-3) (American Federation of Musicians) • New Agreements (& unemployed musicians)

  10. Roy Acuff (1903-1992) • Singer, Fiddler, Promoter • 1st appearances – mid-1930s • National Figure by 1940s - Opry • “King of Country Music” • WW II Japanese : “…to hell with Roosevelt, Babe Ruth, Roy Acuff…” • Acuff-Rose Publishing- founded 1942 for own music - becomes THE leading music publisher for all performers • Exs.- Roy Acuff - Great Speckled bird – YouTube (textbook, pp. 179-80)- Roy Acuff - Wabash Cannonball - Grand Ole Opry Classics - YouTube

  11. Singing Cowboys • “Westerns” replace “hillbillies” • Gene Autry as first media “cowboy”(radio, movies, TV, recordings, etc.) • EXS.- Git Along Little Dogies (1937) GENE AUTRY – YouTube (opening & 10:30)- Mule Train - Gene Autry – YouTube (songs: 33:00, 38:00 & 1:10:00) • “American” values: freedom, integrity, wholesomeness, etc.Gene Autry's Cowboy Code • Popular songs (Exs.)- Gene Autry - Here Comes Santa Claus (1947) – YouTube(1947: # 5 Country, # 9 Pop)- Gene Autry - Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer (1953) – YouTube(# 1 – Christmas 1949) Gene Autry (1907-1988)“The Singing Cowboy”

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