Do Now

1. Do Now • No Notes Quick quiz – Take the lined paper and write down either three positives and / or three negatives about a monarchy • You have 3 minutes. • + Decisions can be made without a long delay • +. Clear line of succession for the throne • +. Value of tradition / stability • -. Can see the country as their own rather than something that belongs to the people • -. Can ignore the will of the people • -. Next in line could be a poor choice • -. No way to replace if doing a bad job.

2. Quick Review • Spain was ruled by Charles the V. He was a devout Catholic. What does devout mean? • In Europe during this time, Christianity was divided. Back in 1517, the church was deeply divided and several regions began to break away from the Catholic Church. • Monarchs such as Charles V, fought (with military force) to keep Europe under the Pope’s control.

3. Quick Review • Europe was starting to break from the Pope. This was known as the “Protestant Reformation” (Reformation meaning reform) • For example, Charles the V’s great grandparents were Isabella & Ferdinand. Besides funding Columbus to explore and spread the Catholic faith. They also waged war against the Muslims (Moors) in areas of Spain under their control.

4. New Stuff • Charles the V assisted the Pope by organizing an army and navy to take on the Ottoman Turks. • He also organized a large naval fleet to invade Queen Elizabeth’s Protestant England. • He beat the Ottomans but lost to Queen Elizabeth. The loss was a major set back to Spain’s strength but Spain remained wealthy and that gave the appearance of strength. • One aspect that Monarchs were overlooked was their support of the arts. In the past, artists during the Renaissance were supported by wealth people in particular by royal families.

5. New Stuff • Artists such as El Greco & Velázquez. • El Greco (translated as the Greek) he was deeply religious (which made it easier for people such as Charles and other well to do families to support) helped ideas of Catholicism. • Velázquez focused his energies towards Spanish pride. • He was made painter of the Spanish Royal court. • Don Quixote – Famous story / play, about a nobleman that went crazy after reading too many stories about knights and their code of conduct (chivalry).

6. New Stuff – Spain declines • Like many empires, Spain slowly began to go into decline for various reasons but many of the reasons that other empires fell. • The Spanish economy took a hit due to inflation, meaning the value of the Spanish money decreased, so it took more money to buy the same items. On top of that, the prices of items began to also rise. The impact: • 1. Partly do the increased population causing a demand for items and shop keepers raising their prices to increase their profits. • 2. The increase in silver caused the value of silver to drop so people paying for items with silver had to use more and more silver to purchase what they wanted.

7. New Stuff – Spain declines • As Spain demanded the country remain strictly Catholic, the leaders expelled the Jews and Moors. These groups were businessmen and artists. • Spain also did not require nobles (the very wealthy) to pay taxes. So the middle (as small as it already was) and lower class (those least able to afford it) had to support the government (army, navy, government officials,…). They could not support the government alone and as the country’s wealth from the new world became less, the economy took a hit.