1 / 45

CDOs (Creative Designer Organisms) in Biology

CDOs (Creative Designer Organisms) in Biology. Natural selection. " Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution ". - a 1973 essay by the evolutionary biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky. Artificial selection – Directed evolution. 10,000 ya. present day.

gerik
Download Presentation

CDOs (Creative Designer Organisms) in Biology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. CDOs (Creative Designer Organisms) in Biology

  2. Natural selection

  3. "Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution" - a 1973essay by the evolutionary biologistTheodosius Dobzhansky

  4. Artificial selection – Directed evolution 10,000 ya present day

  5. A plasmid with segments from many former bacterial hosts In plasmid pK214, Lactococcus K214 has, with the help of insertion-sequence elements, collected genetic information from four other species to construct an antibiotic survival kit that also works in E. faecalis. pK214 is a live record of previous genetic exchange between pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria in food-associated environments. It is further demonstration of the presence of transmissible antibiotic-resistance genes in the human food chain. The resistant bacteria probably originated from antibiotic treatment of the cows. As lactococci may be found together with enterococci and staphylococci as part of the cows microflora, resistance transfer and pick-up may have occurred in the animals or during cheesemaking, where enterococci, listeria and staphylococci survive and eventually multiply.

  6. Significant Scientific Milestones in Biotechnology

  7. The GloFish is a trademarked brand of genetically modified (GM) fluorescent zebrafish with bright red, green, and orange fluorescent color. Although not originally developed for the ornamental fish trade, it is the first genetically modified animal to become publicly available as a pet

  8. Golden Rice

  9. Phenotypes of transgenic rice seeds. Bar, 1 cm. (A) Panel 1, untransformed control; panels 2 through 4, pB19hpc single transformants lines h11a (panel 2), h15b (panel 3), h6 (panel 4). (B) pZPsC/pZLcyH co-transformants lines z5 (panel 1), z11b (panel 2), z4a (panel 3), z18 (panel 4).

  10. phytoene synthase (psy) originating from daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) bacterial phytoene desaturase (crtI) originating from Erwinia uredovora Lycopene b-cyclasefrom Narcissus pseudonarcissus Turning carotene into gold. The carotenoid biosynthetic pathway of plants. Carotenoids are synthesized in the central isoprenoid pathway within plastids. All isoprenoids (more than 20,000 different compounds exist in plants) are built from the common precursor isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP). IPP is thought to be synthesized in plastids from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. The first committed step in the carotenoid pathway is the head-to-head condensation of two molecules of geranyl geranyl diphosphate (GGPP) to produce phytoene. Phytoene synthase is encoded by psy, phytoene desaturase by crtI, and lycopene b-cyclase by lcy. Golden rice engineered to produce b-carotene accumulates lutein and zeaxanthin as well.

  11. Structures of the T-DNA region of pB19hpc used in single transformations, and of pZPsC and pZLcyH used in co-transformations. Representative Southern blots of independent transgenic T0-plants are given below the respective Agrobacterium vectors. LB, left border; RB, right border; "!", polyadenylation signals; p, promoters; psy, phytoene synthase; crtI, bacterial phytoene desaturase; lcy, lycopene b-cyclase; tp, transit peptide. X. Ye et al., Science 287, 303 -305 (2000)

  12. Two major developments Large scale DNA synthesis Large scale DNA sequencing

  13. Much of the work being done at Synthetic Genomics stems from a voyage made by the scientist J. Craig Venter (in green tank top) aboard his 95-foot sailing sloop, the Sorcerer II, outfitted as a seagoing lab. To his left is Tony Knap, senior research scientist at the Bermuda Biological Station for Research. The expedition set sail around the world in spring 2003.

  14. The expedition's test voyage to the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda, an area thought to have low species diversity, turned up more than a million unexpected genes. Samples included at least 1,800 species of bacteria, including 100 new ones.

  15. The Sorcerer II began its round-the-world trip in Nova Scotia (far right on the map), then headed west through the Panama Canal to Australia, then further west around South Africa.

  16. Bring us your problem, and we will solve it

  17. Synthetic Biology refers to a variety of experimental approaches that either seek to modify or mimic biological systems One goal of Synthetic Biology is the engineering of biological systems to fulfill a particular purpose Drubin et al. (2007) Designing Biological Systems. Genes and Development 21:242-254

  18. http://www.syntheticbiology3.ethz.ch/

  19. Paleome - a set of persistent genes that define the replicator and constructor programs

  20. Biology Top down to bottom up From reductionism to synthesis

  21. Drubin et al. (2007) Designing Biological Systems. Genes and Development 21:242-254

More Related