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CP violation: from quarks to leptons

Italian Physical Society International School of Physics “Enrico Fermi”. CP violation: from quarks to leptons. CP Violation From the Begining to the Standard Model. A. I. Sanda Nagoya University. CP Violation Topics to be covered Lecture 1 Introduction Why study CP violation?

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CP violation: from quarks to leptons

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  1. Italian Physical Society International School of Physics “Enrico Fermi” CP violation: from quarks to leptons

  2. CP Violation From the Begining to the Standard Model A. I. Sanda Nagoya University

  3. CP Violation • Topics to be covered • Lecture 1 • Introduction • Why study CP violation? • Grand view - Sakharov's ideas • 2. Symmetries • Mechanics • Electrodynamics • Quantum mechanics • time reversal operator • anti-unitary operator

  4. Lecture　２ • Edm • Krammer’s degeneracy • Particle physics • How do you measure pion spin? • How do you show that pion is a pseudoscalar? • G-parity • C,P,T in particle physics

  5. Lecture 3 • 3. K meson system • τ-θ Puzzl • Weak interaction • CPT • Mixing • ４．CP violation • Asymmetry in partial widths • Role of final state interaction • Hyperon decays • Watson's theorem

  6. Lecture 4 • Regeneration • Explain Eq. 7.8 and Fig 7,.1 • Discovery of CP violation Cronin-Fitch experiment • Direct • indirect • In this section, we refrain from deriving the expression for ε and ε' etc.

  7. Lecture 5 • CP violation in B decays • Towards building the B factory • EPR paradox • Experiments at the B factory without much about the KM formalism

  8. All lectures will be working hard to present as much matterial as possible at the appropriate level. But we need your feed back. Please ask questions!

  9. Why do we study CP violation at all? Its goes back the basic question asked by man. Why do we exist?

  10. Nucleosythesis of Helium protons and neutrons Light elements Stars and milky way Supernova and heavy elements We are here Time(sec) Temp(℃) radius

  11. Generation of light elements Black-body radiation The universe is filled with 　３°Ｋ 　　（－２７０℃）photons Expanding universe Measuring the speed of expansion Is big-bang scenario correct?

  12. universe anti-universe Field theory predicts anti-particles. Creation of the universe and anti-universe Theory predicts universe and anti-universe

  13. But, we can't find the anti-universe • You can see Armstrong’s foot step. • The moon is not made out of • anti-matter

  14. 2.No primary anti-particle in cosmic rays BESS experiment KEK/IPNS Sorry this data is old. I am sure you will hear more about it in Battison's seminar! KEK/IPNSYoshida

  15. 3.You see galaxy collisions but collisions of galaxy and anti-galaxy have been found

  16. Alpha Matter Spectrometer Space Shuttle NASA program Really absent？ SEMINAR – EXPERIMENTS ON ANTIMATTER SEARCHES IN SPACE Battison

  17. To study the fundamental theory. Ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅ　Physics is: We have to understand how CP is violated in the fundamental theory

  18. The Puzzle Why there is no anti-universe 三田一郎　名古屋大学大学院　理学研究科

  19. Sakharov's three conditions • Anti-baryon has to disappear. So, there has to be baryon number violation • Only anti-baryon has to disappear. So, there has to be CP violation • Created asymmetry will be washed out if the universe is in equilibrium. So, baryon has to be created out of equilibrium.

  20. These annihilations Produce light Our world has huge baryon-anti-baryon asymmetry. Is CP violoation large?

  21. God strings CP GUT Proton Decay Quark Mass Baryon number STANDARD MODEL 50-100% 50-100% CP violation CP violation CP violation CP violation in B system in K system in B system in K system

  22. Things that the standard model does not explain • The origin of quark masses • The origin of CP violation CP violation is the quickest way to the physics beyond the SM

  23. Throughout history of physics, symmetry has been the guiding principle!

  24. So, let us go back to symmetries Symmetries in mechanics

  25. Mirror image

  26. Time reversal

  27. You can’t tell which is the original The symmetry is imbedded in your brain

  28. Newton’s Equation • Show that this equation is invariant under parity • Show that this equation is invariant under time reversal

  29. Maxwell Equation

  30. Parity

  31. Charge conjugation

  32. Time Reversal

  33. Our cells are controlled by electrodynamics.Why don’t we get younger?

  34. Ω So, you can’t tell the difference! Symmetries and quantum mechanics

  35. Parity

  36. Charge conjugation If charge of a particle is flipped, and the external all fields are flipped, the motion is invariant. More intering to talk about KG equation, and field theory.

  37. Time reversal The most important equation in QM

  38. Time reversal and quantum mechanics

  39. Ｔ＝Ｋ

  40. If T=K, from the definition of operator P, show that T-1PT=-P. • From the definition of J=rxP, show that T-1JT=-J T=K

  41. Rotation operator Exception to T=K : Rotation

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