National Consciousness & English Language

1. National Consciousness & English Language Francophobia War with France; English more Patriotic Parliament, Nobility, King Economic & Religious Issues William Langland, Piers Plowman Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales Social Commentaries Popular Mysticism Julian of Norwich, Margery Kempe Personal Experience Vernacular Bibles John Wyclif: Theologian, Critic Eucharist, Purgatory, Ceremonies English Suitable for Bible Julian of Norwich, Revelations

2. Chaucer, General Prologue, 1-18 1       Whan that Aprill with his shouressoote :              When April with its sweet-smelling showers 2     The droghte of March hath perced to the roote,          Has pierced the drought of March to the root, 3      And bathed every veyne in swichlicour               And bathed every vein (of the plants) in such liquid 4     Of which vertuengendred is the flour;               By the power of which the flower is created; 5      WhanZephirus eek with his sweetebreeth               When the West Wind also with its sweet breath, 6      Inspired hath in every holt and heeth               In every holt and heath, has breathed life into 7      The tendrecroppes, and the yongesonne               The tender crops, and the young sun 8     Hath in the Ram his half coursyronne,               Has run its half course in Aries, 9     And smalefowelesmakenmelodye,               And small fowls make melody, 10   That slepen al the nyght with open ye               Those that sleep all the night with open eyes 11      (So priketh hem Nature in hircorages),               (So Nature incites them in their hearts), 12      Thannelongen folk to goon on pilgrimages,               Then folk long to go on pilgrimages, 13     And palmeres for to sekenstraungestrondes, And professional pilgrims (long) to seek foreign shores, 14     To fernehalwes, kowthe in sondrylondes;               To (go to) distant shrines, known in various lands; 15     And specially from every shires ende               And specially from every shire's end 16     Of Engelond to Caunterbury they wende,               Of England to Canterbury they travel, 17      The hoolyblisfulmartir for to seke,               To seek the holy blessed martyr, 18     That hem hath holpenwhan that they were seeke.               Who helped them when they were sick.

3. The 100 Years War, Continued Edward III & Henry IV Victories at Sluys, Crécy, Poitiers Failings During the 1370s, ‘80s Henry’s Position Henry V Character & French Crisis Preparations and War, 1414-5 Northern Expanse Reign of Henry VI Turning Point, 1429 Losses in the North, South The End in 1453 Shakespeare’s Henry V, 1600

4. Edward III & Henry IV Edward III (r. 1327-77) 1337/8 Retaliation and Claim to France Sluys, ‘40; Crécy, ‘46; Poitiers, ’56 French Resurgence (King Charles V, VI) 1370s – Ed III’s Age, Leadership 1380s – English Contraction Intermission & Peace, 1389-1414 King Henry IV, r. 1399-1413 Usurper; Domestic Rebellions No Position to Launch vs. France Court Factions, Rise of Henry V Henry IV, c. Jacobethan (James/Eliz) National Portrait Gallery

5. Henry V, 1386/7-1422 (r. 1413-22) Character Strong, Confident, Aristocratic Professional Soldier, Chivalric French Crisis Young King Charles VI (12 at 1380) Insanity, ‘92; Nobility in Civil War, ‘07-> Preparations and War, 1414-5 Henry V’s Small Forces (c. 6-9,000) Harfleur, Sept., 1415 Agincourt, October 25, ’15 (St. Crispin’s) French c. 15-50,000, c.7-9k dead Northern Expanse Rouen, ‘19; Treaty of Troyes, ‘20 Henry V, c. Jacobethan National Portrait Gallery

6. From Shakespeare’s Henry V

7. The End Under Henry VI, r.1422- Death of Henry V, August ‘22 Henry VI a Minor; Uncles in Control John, Dk Bedford; Verneuil, ‘24 Turning Point, 1429 English Seige of Orléans Joan of Arc’s Leadership Captured, ‘30, d. ’31 Burgundians Switch to French Crown Losses in the North, South Normandy, Brittany, Rouen Gascony, Bordeaux, Bayonne The End: Castillon, 1453 French Cannons; English Calais Joan of Arc, late 15th Cent.