The Impact of Human Activity on Biodiversity

1. EQ: What influence does human activity have on Biodiversity? SB4.d

2. Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 5.1 Biodiversity Biodiversity- the variety of life in an area; the number of different species in an area Biodiversity increases the stability of an ecosystem and contributes to the health of the biosphere.

3. Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 5.1 Biodiversity • species diversity.

4. Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 Why is Biodiversity important? Humans depend on plants and animals to provide food, clothing, energy, medicine, and shelter . The species that we depend on depend on other species, and those species depend on other species…..

5. Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 Biodiversity is important because…. Scientists continue to find new plants and other organisms that help in the treatment of human diseases. Madagascar periwinkle-being used to treat childhood forms of leukemia

6. Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 5.1 Biodiversity A healthy biosphere provides many resources to humans and other organisms that live on Earth. Green plants add oxygen to the atmosphere and remove carbon dioxide. Many bacteria and fungi add nutrients back to the environment by decomposing dead organisms.

7. Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 5.2 Threats to Biodiversity Loss of biodiversity = loss of some species Loss of a species = Extinction • Background extinction- gradual process of species becoming extinct. • Mass extinction- event in which a large % of all living species become extinct in a relatively short period of time.

8. Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5

9. Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 Factors that Threaten Biodiversity are caused by one species…. Homo sapiens Humans are changing the conditions on Earth. • Overexploitation • Habitat Loss/Habitat Destruction • Pollution Acid Precipitation Eutrophication • Introduced species/Alien species

10. Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 5.2 Threats to Biodiversity Overexploitation -excessive use of species that have economic value • Rhinoceros • Bison • Ocelot • Passenger pigeons

11. Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 Habitat Loss/Habitat Destruction • If a habitat is destroyed or disrupted, the native species might have to relocate or they will die. • The destruction of habitat, such as the clearing of tropical rain forests, has a direct impact on global biodiversity. • The declining population of one species can affect an entire ecosystem.

12. Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 5.2 Threats to Biodiversity Pollution-harmful substances released into the environment; threaten biodiversity and global stability • Biological magnification- increasing concentration of toxic substances in organisms as trophic levels increase in a food chain or food web. Ex: DDT levels in the American Bald Eagle – made eggshells fragile, broke before eggs could hatch.

13. Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 5.2 Threats to Biodiversity Acid Precipitation - sulfuric acid and nitric acid mix with water in the atmosphere. This depletes the calcium, potassium, etc. from the soil, depriving plants of nutrients. Assessing Water Quality

14. Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 5.2 Threats to Biodiversity • Eutrophication – a type of water pollution that occurs when substances rich in nitrogen and phosphorus (ex: fertilizer) flow into waterways, causing extensive algae growth. • The rapidly growing algae use up the oxygen and other organisms suffocate.

16. Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 5.2 Threats to Biodiversity Introduced Species/Alien Species Nonnative (non-indigenous) species intentionally or unintentionally transported to a new habitat. This species has no predators in the habitat, so it thrives. Ex. fire ant; kudzu

17. Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 5.3 Conserving Biodiversity Natural Resources • The consumption rate of natural resources is not evenly distributed.

18. Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 • Renewable resources- Resources that are replaced by natural processes faster than they are consumed. Ex. Pine trees • Nonrenewable resources-Resources on Earth in limited amounts or replaced by natural processes over extremely long periods of time Ex: Fossil fuels, radioactive uranium • Sustainable use - using resources at a rate in which they can be replaced or recycled Ex: Preservation & Conserving.

19. Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5

20. A B C D Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 CDQ 1 Chapter Diagnostic Questions Which factor is most responsible for the lack of plants in polar regions? heavy grazing by herbivores little precipitation no soil for plants to take root not enough sunlight

21. A B C D Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 CDQ 2 Chapter Diagnostic Questions What form of pollution is caused by extensive algae growth in waterways? acid precipitation eutrophication biological magnification edge effects

22. A B C D Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 CDQ 3 Chapter Diagnostic Questions Which is not a renewable resource? solar energy fossil fuels agricultural plants clean water

23. A B Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 FQ 2 5.1 Formative Questions It is likely that some of the world’s unidentified species will have economic value. true false

24. A B C Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 FQ 3 5.1 Formative Questions When does the aesthetic value of an ecosystem become most apparent? when scientists begin to study the ecosystem when the ecosystem has been destroyed when the ecosystem is given economic value

25. A B C D Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 FQ 4 5.2 Formative Questions Which describes the current rate of species disappearance? background extinction mass extinction natural extinction progressive extinction

26. A B C D Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 FQ 5 5.2 Formative Questions Where are most extinctions likely to occur in the near future? deserts grasslands tropical forests temperate forests

27. A B C D Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 FQ 6 5.2 Formative Questions What is the primary factor that has endangered the North American bison and the white rhinoceros? habitat loss eutrophication overexploitation nonnative predators

28. A B C D Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 FQ 7 5.2 Formative Questions What is the number one cause of species extinction today? habitat loss human predators transported diseases background extermination

29. A B C D Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 FQ 8 5.3 Formative Questions Which resource is nonrenewable? agricultural plants clean water forest timber mineral deposits

30. A B C D Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 FQ 9 5.3 Formative Questions For which human activity is sustainable use not possible? farming logging oil drilling commercial fishing

31. A B C D Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 FQ 10 5.3 Formative Questions Which is an example of bioremediation? replanting trees in an area affected by acid rain using microorganisms to detoxify an oil spill enacting a law that protects endangered amphibians introducing natural predators to control a crop pest

32. A B C D Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 CAQ 1 Chapter Assessment Questions Look at the figure. Name the process that is occurring with the increasing concentration of DDT. pollution extinction biological magnification habitat fragmentation

33. A B C D Biodiversity and Conservation 1–10 years 10–100 years 100–1000 years 1000 years or more Chapter 5 CAQ 2 Chapter Assessment Questions Use the graph to determine the approximate recovery time for a volcanic eruption.

34. Biodiversity and Conservation Answer:Killer whales started to prey on sea otters instead of sea lions and harbor seals. Chapter 5 CAQ 3 Chapter Assessment Questions Explain how killer whales adapted to their environment when their primary food source began to disappear.

35. A B C D Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 STP 1 Standardized Test Practice Which type of biodiversity increases as you move geographically from the polar regions to the equator? ecosystem diversity genetic diversity social diversity species diversity

36. A B C D Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 STP 2 Standardized Test Practice How does genetic diversity increase a species’ chance of survival? It increases the number of organisms that have useful genes. It increases the ability of a species to adapt toenvironmental changes. It produces a variety of species within a biological community. It randomly distributes members of a species throughout an ecosystem.

37. A B C D Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 STP 3 Standardized Test Practice If a toxic substance enters this food web, which animals will have the highest concentration of the toxic substance in their tissues? fishes killer whales sea otters sea urchins

38. A B C D Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 STP 4 Standardized Test Practice What type of substances causes eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems? acid rain fertilizers PCBs pesticides

39. A B C D Biodiversity and Conservation land area population industrialization availability of resources Chapter 5 STP 5 Standardized Test Practice Which factor has the greatest impact on a country’s rate of natural resource consumption?

40. A B C D Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 STP 6 Standardized Test Practice Which event has the greatest potential to cause irreversible damage to biodiversity? oil spill urbanization industrial pollution modern agriculture