EARTH SCIENCE CRCT Warm-Ups

1. EARTH SCIENCE CRCT Warm-Ups 2012-2013 adapted from Ms. Easley’s

2. MONDAY 2/4 CRCT Rev. # 1 • 1. Which layer confirms that this sample is soil rather than a mineral mixture? • Silt • Clay • Sand • Organic material 3. Which factor MOST directly affects the flow of ocean currents? differences in pressure differences in temperature Earth's revolution round the Sun the Moon's revolution round Earth 2. Why are coastal areas cooler during the day than inland areas? It rains during the day in coastal areas. A cool breeze blows from the sea during the day. Coastal areas experience storms every other day. The sea absorbs the heat of the air over coastal areas.

3. TUESDAY 2/5 CRCT REV. # 2 • 2. All but one of the following is an important component of soil. • air • water • fertilizer • mineral matter 1. During the first half of the 20th century, the theory of plate tectonics was developed. Evidence supporting this theory included Wegener's mapping of the supercontinent Pangaea, the US Navy's discovery of paleomagnetic reversals, and evidence of sea floor spreading. What is the MOST recent evidence supporting plate tectonics? GPS monitoring and satellite imagery of crustal movements mapping earthquake epicenters with seismic technology sending probes deep into Earth's interior radioactive dating of fossil evidence 3. One cause of severe storms is: Precipitation. dry conditions. uniform heating of the atmosphere. uneven pressures in the atmosphere.

4. Wednesday 2/6 CRCT Rev. # 3 • 1. More than a billion years ago, the continent of Africa hit North America, generating enormous pressure and heat while pushing up the Blue Ridge Mountains to a height of 30,000 feet. Most of these mountains has since been worn away by wind, rain, and the growth of living organisms. The order of the rock cycle in this case is BEST described as: • A. igneous, sedimentary • metamorphic, igneous • igneous, metamorphic. • metamorphic, sedimentary • 2. Granite is a coarse or medium-grained rock that is rich in quartz and feldspar. It is formed when bodies of magma cool and harden deep below the Earth. What type of rock is granite? • A. metamorphic • B. sedimentary • extrusive igneous • intrusive igneous

5. THURSDAY 2/7 CRCT Rev. # 4 • 1. Shale is formed from clay, silt or mud particles that have been compacted together by pressure. What type of rock is shale? • A. metamorphic • sedimentary • extrusive igneous • intrusive igneous • 3. A silt fence is shown in the picture. A silt fence operates by intercepting and filtering sediment-laden runoff. It allows the sediment in the water time to settle before the water flows into other areas. The silt fence is also protecting against: • erosion • acid rain • radiation • weathering • The Earth’s surface is not a solid surface but is divided into: • A. several oceanic plates • B. seven continental plates • continental and crustal plates • continental and oceanic plates

6. FRIDAY 2/8 CRCT Rev. #5 • 1. Fossils found in layers of sediment give us clues to Earth's past. Based on the fossil record of this area, we can assume that this area was: • A. once a desert. • once underwater. • much colder in the past. • located in a different place on Earth. EXTRA 2: The diagram shows the: absolute age of the rocks and fossils. relative age of the rocks and fossils. EXTRA 1: The diagram also shows that the sediment layer on the bottom is the oldest, and the layer on top is the youngest. This is the: The Principle of Original Horizontality The Law of Superposition The Law of Gravity The Principle of Uniformitarianism • 3. What is the process by which organic matter breaks down to become part of the soil? • compaction • decomposition • erosion • weathering 2. This soil is made up equal parts of clay, sand, and silt. It is called: clay. humus. loam. topsoil.

7. Monday 2/11 CRCT Rev. #6 2. Land breezes and sea breezes are two types of local winds that form MOSTLY because: water releases heat energy faster than land. wind moves faster over water than over land. low pressure systems over water at the coast. there is unequal heating of the Earth's surface. 1. At night, a land breeze forms because: water releases less solar energy during the day; warm ocean air moves into land. land cools more quickly than water; cool land air moves to replace rising warm air over the water. land absorbs less solar energy during the day; cool land air moves to replace rising warm air over the water. water absorbs more solar energy during the day; cool land air moves to replace rising warm air over the water.

8. Tuesday 2/12 CRCT Rev. #7 2. Fossils of a shellfish were found high on the top of a mountain. Which BEST explains how this is possible? The shellfish were dropped there by flying birds. The rocks of the mountain were once under water. The shellfish were brought there by humans millions of years ago. The rocks of the mountain were formed from an underwater volcano. 1. Scientists can determine the age of a layer of rock by: examining the fossils within it. identifying the minerals within it. studying how it has been affected by erosion. comparing the size of one layer with other layers.

9. WED. 2/13 CRCT Rev. #8 2. Some fossils, like this trilobite, are considered ___________ fossils. This type of fossil is used to help match the relative age of rock layers. In order to do this, the fossil must be found in many different places, during one time period, and have some unique characteristics. C-14 Index Trace Stratified • A fossil of a fern and other large-leafed plants were found in an area of Alaska. What does this suggest about this area in Alaska? • A forest is now covered with snow. • A farm was once located in the area. • The area once had a warmer climate. • Prehistoric man ate large-leafed plants.

10. Thursday 2/13 CRCT Rev. #9 • What causes land breeze and sea breeze? • The differential heating of land and sea by the Sun results in the movement of air. • Hot air from the sea blows over the land because there is a high pressure area over the sea. • Cold air blows from the land over the sea because there is a low pressure area over land. • Air blows from land over the sea because of the rotation of Earth on its axis. 2. When air warms up, it causes water vapor to form. The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is called: clouds humidity dew point air pressure • As warm moist air from over the ocean moves inland over a city, the moving air mass is blocked by a mountain range. Which type of weather is MOST LIKELY to occur? • rain • snow • sunny skies • low humidity

11. MONDAY 2/25 CRCT Rev. # 10 • The diagram shows that clouds form as air rises because as the air rises, it: • rises and becomes more dense. • cools and can hold less water. • gets less dense and holds less water. • becomes less saturated and adds more water. 2. Groundwater moves from the ground through plants and then back into the atmosphere through the process of condensation precipitation run off transpiration 3. Which two factors cause a glacier to move? gravity and erosion gravity and weathering high pressure and erosion gravity and high pressure

12. TUESDAY 2/26 CRCT Rev. #11 • What part of the rock cycle process is MOST closely associated with soil formation? • Melting • Erosion • Compaction • Crystallization • What part of the rock cycle process is MOST closely associated with magma? • Melting • Erosion • Compaction • Crystallization

13. WEDNESDAY 2/27 CRCT REV. # 12 • As shown in the diagram above, winds are formed from the sun's uneven heating of the earth's atmosphere. The wind patterns are altered by bodies of water, different landforms, and plant cover. Because of this, the wind is considered a form of: • solar power • nuclear power • chemical energy • potential energy 2. Neap tides, relatively weak tides, occur when the Moon is in position A B A & C B & D

14. THURSDAY 2/28 CRCT Rev. #13 1. Earth's oceans contain many dissolved elements like calcium, sodium, and chlorine. These elements plus several others combine to form the salts in the oceans. air pollutants gases from active volcanoes minerals dissolved in aquifers weathering and erosion of rocks 3. Why is rain likely when warm, moisture-laden air meets cold air? The lighter warm air will rise and cool down, causing condensation and rain. The cold air moves faster and pushes the warm air away, casing condensation and rain. The moisture in the warm air condenses on contact with the cold air, causing rain to fall. The cold air mixes with the warm air, reducing its temperature causing moisture to condense. 2. Tides are caused by: gravity heat wind waves

15. FRIDAY 3/23 5. Name that fault and name the stress that caused it: • According to the diagram of the water cycle, what happens to the water in the oceans before it becomes water in the atmosphere? • It evaporates. • It becomes a liquid. • It is sent to the sun. • It turns into precipitation. Type of FAULT Type of STRESS A) Reverse fault Compression B) Strike-slip fault 3. Which is NOT a negative consequence of burning gasoline or petroleum products? causes lung cancer and asthma causes air pollution and acid rain releases large amounts of carbon dioxide pollutes ocean water when drilling for oil 2. Ocean currents are caused by water's density differences. The density differences in the ocean water are due to different salt concentrations and differences in: waves temperature plate tectonics volcanic activity Shearing C) Normal fault Tension

16. MON. – Part 1: 3/4 CRCT Rev.# 15 1. Use the chart below to answer the question.

17. MON. 3/4 Part 2: CRCT Rev. # 15

18. TUESDAY 3/5 CRCT Rev. # 16 1. We can be sure that the Milky Way galaxy we live in is a spiral galaxy rather than an elliptical galaxy because: A. it has curved arms. B. it does not show any rotation. C. its stars are all about the same age. D. new stars are no longer forming. 2. Each year, Earth moves once around: A. Mars. B. Venus. C. the Sun. D. the Moon. 4. Why is Venus always near the Sun when viewed from Earth? A. Venus orbits Earth, which orbits the Sun. B. Venus orbits the Sun, which orbits Earth. C. Venus's orbit is closer to the Sun than Earth's orbit. D. Venus is visible only when its orbit gets close to the Sun. 3. If you were to watch the stars all night, they would seem to: A. stay in exactly the same place in the sky. B. move across the sky at night, as the Sun does during the day. C. go in circles around the point straight up from where you are. D. move across the sky at night, in the opposite direction that the Sun moves during the day.

19. WED. 3/6 CRCT Rev. #17 1. Name that theory: ______________States that the Earth is at the center of the Universe with all other heavenly bodies orbiting the Earth.______________States that the Sun is at the center of the Solar System with all planets orbiting the Earth.______________Suggests the Universe was created with a single cosmic explosion and that the Universe continues to expand at an increasing rate as a result of this explosion. Geocentric 2. Heliocentric Big Bang

20. THURSDAY 3/7 CRCT Rev. # 18 1. Terry was learning about an object in the Solar System that is made of frozen gases and solid rock. Which of these objects was she learning about? A. a star B. a comet C. a meteor D. an asteroid 4. Which is made primarily of pieces of rock or iron that enter Earth's atmosphere? A. asteroids B. comets C. solar flares D. meteorites 2. The asteroid belt is located between: A. the Sun and Earth. B. Mars and Jupiter. C. Neptune and Pluto. D. Saturn and Uranus. 5. Middle school science students in Georgia recorded the Sun's location in the sky every day at noon during September and February. Which of these MOST LIKELY describes what the students observed? A. The size of the Sun changed. B. The color of the Sun changed. C. The force of gravity from the Sun changed. D. The position of the Sun in the sky changed. • A comet is largely made up of: • A. iron and nickel. • B. rock. • C. petroleum. • D. water and ice.

21. MONDAY 3/8 CRCT Rev. #19 • The limestone caves shown here were MOST LIKELY formed by: • earthquakes • Wind erosion • Small volcanoes • Acidic groundwater 3. The most recent evidence supporting the theory of plate tectonics would include GPS monitoring of plate speeds and movements. the WWII discovery of paleomagnetic reversals. the 1963 mapping of the tectonic plate boundaries. C-14 dating of marine fossils found in the Himalayas. 2. Which of these consumer products is the BEST example of a non-renewable resource? lumber gasoline paper towels cotton shirt

22. MONDAY 3/11 CRCT Rev. # 20 2. Limiting the amount of human waste and chemicals in run-off will decrease: air pollution. soil pollution. water pollution. sound pollution. • When a huge amount of gas is trapped within magma, the eruption is usually violent. Ash and lava are thrown out in large amounts, settling around the vent after the eruption. What kind of volcano would be formed as a result? • shield volcano • composite volcano • underwater volcano • cinder cone volcano 3. The process of circular motion in the Earth’s mantle that causes the plates of the lithosphere to move is called : A. conduction B. convection C. deposition D. drifting

23. TUESDAY 4/12 CRCT Rev. #21 1. Mrs.. Hedstrom's earth science class set up an experiment to compare the heating and cooling rates of land and water. They filled cups with sand and water and then recorded the temperature change while (a) a light was shining directly on the cups and (b) the light was turned off. The data one group collected is presented in the data table. Based on this data, we would expect __________ to have the LEAST changes in temperatures during a 24-hour period. Cities Deserts The oceans The mountainous areas • Under drought conditions, earthquakes: • more water evaporates than precipitates to Earth. • water can not evaporate from the surface of Earth. • more water precipitates than evaporates from Earth. • much less water is precipitated and evaporated from Earth.

24. Thur. 3/14 CRCT Rev. # 22 1. Every 18 months, during the Spring tide, the Moon is at its closest distance to the Earth, called its _____. This produces gravitational forces that are very strong and cause extremely high tides. Apex equinox Perigee zenith 3. The Northern Hemisphere is warmer in spring than in winter, because in spring: The days are shorter. It gets more direct sunlight. The Earth is closer to the Sun. It is tilted away from the Sun. 2. Saturn and Uranus are ALIKE in that they: have rings around them. are about the same size. are about the same distance from the Sun. have spots on them believed to be storms.

25. FRIDAY 4/14 CRCT Rev. # 23 2. During which season do the rays of the sun hit the Earth at the MOST indirect angle? Fall Spring Summer Winter • During a full moon, ____________ of the moon is facing Earth. • none • a quarter • the dark side • the bright side 3. The name of this galaxy, visible with the naked eye, is the: Virgo Hubble Andromeda Milky Way

26. MONDAY 4/16 CRCT Rev. #24 1. During a new moon, the moon is: in between Earth and the sun. in front of the sun, in back of Erth. in front of Earth, in front of the sun. alongside Earth and in front of the sun. a 2. This is a _________ gibbous moon. crescent new waning waxing • If you wanted to make all days on Earth the same length, what would you have to do? • Keep the Earth from tilting on its axis. • Increase the speed of the Earth’s rotation. • Tilt the Northern Hemisphere all the way • toward the Sun. • Tilt the Southern Hemisphere all the way • toward the Sun.

27. TUESDAY 3/19 CRCT Rev. #25 1. Venus has about the same mass as Earth and is about the same distance from the Sun. Yet Venus does not support life. An important difference between Earth and Venus is that Venus lacks: an atmosphere gravity and water. a similar chemical composition water and moderate temperatures. 2. Which of these planets has the coldest surface temperature? Earth Jupiter Mars Neptune 3. Which of the following planets is NOT a gas giant? Jupiter Venus Saturn Uranus

28. WED. 3/20 CRCT REV. #26 1. You can tell from this diagram that a complete lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon is: closer to the Sun than the Earth. in any place during its lunar orbit. in the umbra, the darker part of the Earth’s shadow. in the penumbra, the lighter part of the Earth’s shadow. • What is primarily responsible for the creation of seasons on the earth? • the tilt of the sun • the distance from the sun • the axial tilt of the earth • the reflection of the sun's rays from the earth 3. The stars in the night sky look as if they are slowly moving because: the Earth is moving. they rotate around the Sun. they rotate around the Earth. the Sun blocks them out at times.

29. THURSDAY 3/21 CRCT REV. # 27 1. Which location of the moon relative to the sun and earth may produce a solar eclipse? A. B. C. D. • 2. This is an illustration of a_____________ moon. • new • full • C. crescent • D. 1st quarter

30. FRI. 3/22 CRCT REV. #28 • What is the MAIN cause of increased erosion? • Strong winds • Flash floods • Human activity • Movement of glaciers 1. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was caused by a shift in two plates that pushed one section of the sea floor under another section of the sea floor by 5 meters. What type of boundary is this? divergent transform convergent metamorphic 5. Name that boundary andwhat it causes or forms: A) Transform: Earthquakes Divergent: Rift Valleys B) 4. The Kuroshio current is a major warm current in the northern hemisphere. In which direction would the warmKuroshio current travel in the northern hemisphere? East to west West to east South to north North to south • It is better to grow plants in soil than in sand because soil: • has more nutrients. • retains less heat than sand. • retains less water than sand. • has larger spaces between particles. C) Convergent: Mountains

31. Mon. 3/25 CRCT REV. #29 2. Scientists believe that during the Late Cretaceous period, many small seas dried up and new mountains began to rise. Which would MOST LIKELY cause them to believe the temperature decreased during this time? The absence of fossils of warm-weather plants. The absence of fossils of many species of fish The discovery of fossils of fish with small legs. The discovery of fossils of warm-weather insects. 1. Geologists have long recognized that earthquakes are not randomly distributed on Earth but occur in concentrated areas that coincide with __________ and provide evidence for the theory of ___________ . mountain ranges; fault zones. plate boundaries; plate tectonics. continental borders; supercontinents. areas of liquid magma; sea floor spreading.

32. Tuesday 3/28 CRCT REV #30 1. The phases of the moon are caused by: the moon revolving around the sun and Earth. Earth revolving around the sun and the sun's light being reflect off the moon. the moon revolving around Earth and the moon reflecting sunlight towards Earth. the moon revolving around Earth with sunlight reflecting off of Earth towards the moon. 2. Which of the following lists Earth, Jupiter, the Moon, and the Sun in order from largest to smallest? A. Jupiter, Earth, Sun, Moon B. Sun, Jupiter, Earth, Moon C. Sun, Jupiter, Moon, Earth D. Jupiter, Sun, Earth, Moon 3. Which planet has a fierce hurricane-like storm that is several times the size of Earth? A. Mars B. Venus C. Saturn D. Jupiter

33. Wed. 3/287 CRCT REV. #31 1. Based on the observed phase of the moon, predict the location of the Moon in its orbit around the Earth. A B C D 2. You observe the moon one night at midnight while camping, as seen in the image. Predict the location of the Moon in the diagram based on this observed moon phase. A B C D