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The Importance of Mitosis in Repairing and Growing Cells

Mitosis is a vital process in which cells divide, allowing organisms to repair injuries, replace old cells, and grow. This article explores the stages of the cell cycle, the process of mitosis, and its significance in maintaining overall health. It also discusses asexual reproduction in organisms like strawberries and bacteria, and the connection between mitosis and the development of cancer.

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The Importance of Mitosis in Repairing and Growing Cells

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  1. WHAT…..??????? REPAIRS BROKEN BONES, BURNS, CUTS, AND SCRAPES? CAUSES CANCER? TRANSFORMS US FROM 2 CELLS TO 20 BILLION?

  2. MITOSIS

  3. WHY IS CELL DIVISION IMPORTANT? • Allows organisms, including you, to GROW • Replace old cells • Increases the number of cells

  4. Every day billions of red blood cells in your body are destroyed and need to be replaced --- HOW? MITOSIS During the time it takes to read this sentence, 6 million new red blood cells were produced!

  5. The Cell Cycle Individual cells follow the same life cycle

  6. LENGTH OF CELL CYCLE • Cell Cycle: series of events that takes place from one cell division to the next • Not the same for all cells • Examples • Bean Plants 19hours • Animal Embryos 20 min

  7. CELL CYCLE

  8. STAGES OF THE CELL CYCLE • INTERPHASE • MITOSIS • PROPHASE • METAPHASE • ANAPHASE • TELOPHASE

  9. INTERPHASE • Period of growth &development • Before a cell can divide, a copy of its hereditary material must be made • So each new cell can receive a copy • Nucleus divides & cytoplasm separates

  10. MITOSIS • Mitosis: nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei • Steps • Prophase • Metaphse • Anaphase • Telophase

  11. Chromosomes • A Chromosome is a structure that contains the cell’s hereditary material (DNA) • Found inside the nucleus

  12. Chromosomes • When cells are ready to divide, each duplicated chromosome condenses into thick strands called chromatids • Chromatids: duplicated chromosomes formed during interphase that are thick and coiled together • Needed for mitosis

  13. Centromere

  14. PROPHASE • Chromatids are tightly coiled together • Nucleolus and nuclear membrane disintegrate • Spindle fibers begin to stretch across the cell

  15. Metaphase • The chromatid pairs line up along the equator (or middle) of the cell

  16. Anaphase • Pairs of chromosomes are separated • Each half of the chromatid is pulled to an opposite side of the cell

  17. Telophase • Spindles disappear • Chromosomes uncoil • New nucleus forms • Mitosis ends

  18. Cytokinesis • After mitosis • Cytoplasm separates • Cell membrane moves inward and pinches off • = TWO separate cells

  19. End Result of Mitosis • Division of the nucleus • Produces two new nuclei that are identical to each other and the original cell • Each cell in your body has 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs • Each new cell also has 46 chromosomes

  20. ASEXUAL Reproduction • Sexual reproduction requires two organisms • Asexual reproduction: a new organism is produced from oneparent • Produces offspring that are identical to parent

  21. Strawberry • Reproduce asexually • Produce horizontal stems called runners that create new strawberries

  22. Bacteria & Cell Division? • Bacteria CANNOT reproduce by mitosis • They are prokaryotic – • NO Nucleus • Reproduce by fission • Used by cells with no nucleus to copy genetic information and divide

  23. Budding • New organism grows from the body of the parent • When the bud is large enough it breaks away to live on its own

  24. Regeneration • Some organisms can regrow damaged or lost body parts • Sea Stars

  25. Mitosis & Health Connection • Cancer is the result of errors during mitosis • Normally healthy cells being reproducing out of control and can grow into structures called tumors

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