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Yuri Arshinov and Sergei Bobrovnikov IOA –Tomsk - Russia

New optical remote sensing instruments for water vapour monitoring developed at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne - EPFL. Valentin Simeonov*, Todor Dinoev, Pablo Ristori, Marian Taslakov, Mark Parlange, Ilya Serikov and Hubert van den Bergh

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Yuri Arshinov and Sergei Bobrovnikov IOA –Tomsk - Russia

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  1. Newoptical remote sensing instruments for water vapour monitoring developed at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne - EPFL Valentin Simeonov*, Todor Dinoev, Pablo Ristori, Marian Taslakov, Mark Parlange, Ilya Serikov and Hubert van den Bergh Swiss Federal Institute of Technology –Lausanne Switzerland Bertrand Calpini MeteoSiss - Payerne Yuri Arshinov and Sergei Bobrovnikov IOA –Tomsk - Russia WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  2. Outline • Lidar principle • Automated water vapor Raman lidar for operational use at MeteoSwiss • High spatial and temporal resolution water vapor /temperature Raman lidar • Mid IR, long open-path system for trace gas, water vapor and temperature monitoring WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  3. R P(R) P0 Lidarprinciple FOV Raman method for water vapor measurements R S(R) P A WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  4. Requirements Fully automated, continuous operation Long term stability High reliability > 85% technical availability Eye safety Water vapor Raman lidar for operational use in meteorology Lidar specifications Water vapor mixing ratio Aerosol Detection limit 0.01 g/kg Extinction & 355 nm Backscatter & 355 nm Statistical error < 10 % Height range / resolution Daytime 150-5’000 m / 30-400 m Night time 150 – 10’000 m / 30-600 m Acquisition time 15-30 min WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  5. Generallidardesign Transmitter Nd:YAG laser 400 mJ & 355 nm 30 Hz rep. rate Beam expander 15 X To the polychromator WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  6. Eyesafety Laser energy 400 mJ @ 355 nm, beam diameter 140 mm (after expansion) WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  7. General lidar design Receiver (NFOW/NB) Narrow Field of View Narrow band Matrix telescope of four Ø 30 cm mirrors 0.2 mrad FOV To the polychromator WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  8. Spectral isolation and detection • Diffraction grating polychromator • Long term stability • Narrow band detection – 0.3 nm pass-band (possible adjustment) • Oxygen channel – aerosol correction • 1012 suppression of the laser line • 40% efficiency WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  9. Diffraction grating Parabolic mirror Photomultipliers Doublet lens Fiber holder & collimating lens Polychromator view WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  10. Lidar cabin 2.4 m 2.4 m 6 m WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  11. Outside view WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  12. Fibers Output of the Beam Expander Telescope Fibers Polychromator Mirrors Laser Inside view Telescope WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  13. Datatreatmentmodule • Raw data correction • H2O retrieval with a predefined error (space resolution variable) • Data storage Input parameters • Averaging time • Accuracy • Vertical resolution limits • Calibration coefficient WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  14. Datatreatmentmodule WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  15. Last data WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  16. Futuresteps Experimental operation in Lausanne till May 2007 Calibration - with tethered balloon (Snow White) - with GPS data - absolute calibration tests Reliability tests Verification with balloon measurements in Payerne Start of operation at MeteoSwiss -July 2008 WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  17. High spatial and temporal resolution Raman lidar for water vapor and temperature measurements Goal: Study of turbulent boundary layer intercomparison with LES model Lidar specifications Fixed spatial resolution of 1.5 m Temporal resolution 1 s Operational range 10-500 m Water vapor and temperature statistical error < 10 % Scanning capability WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  18. WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  19. Lidarsetup Ø 0.3 m Ø 0.2 m Ø 0.2 m Ø 0.1 m WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  20. Polychromatorsdesign WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  21. Lidarview Telescope Acquisition system Temperature polychromator Water vapor polychromator Laser WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  22. Testresults WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  23. Verticaltime-series WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  24. Open-path midIRtechnique • Most polyatomic molecules have specific mid IR spectroscopic features (GHG) • High sensitivity • Haze immunity • Virtually immune to interference by other species • Concentration measurements are averaged over an extended path, i.e. • much less affected by local unrepresentative fluctuations in gas concentration than point sensors • data is better suited for numerical models • Measurements can be made in regions of difficult access, especially above ground level • No material contact between gas and sensor i.e. no degradation of the gas being measured or "poisoning" of the sensor WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  25. MidIRopen-pathprinciple Intrapulse tuning: WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  26. Species and atmospheric parameters measurable within a singlewavelength scan NH3, CH4 , N2O and ethanol also detected in lab conditions WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  27. Ozonedetection Comparison between QCL and standard ozone analyzers measurements at 220 m path-length. WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  28. TemperaturemeasurementsusingmidIRlinesofH2O WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  29. Transmitter receiver Beam path Retroreflectors Space-resolvedopen-pathmeasurements WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  30. Automated water vapor lidar for meteorological applications was developed. Experimental operation ongoing, final installation in Payerne foreseen for mid 2008 Water vapor and temperature Raman lidar with high spatial and temporal resolution was built First non cryogenic mid IR system for open path monitoring of trace gases water vapor and temperature has been developed. Planned tests for GHG detection, humidity and T° intercomparison with conventional techniques Conclusion WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

  31. Thank you WMO TECO 4-6 December 2006

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