Nordita

1. Nordita • Founded by Niels Bohr, 1957, Copenhagen theoretical counterpart to CERN • To foster theoretical Phys in Norden (Denmark, Finl, Iceland, Norw, Sweden) • Many HE and AstroParticle physicists received initial training through GE Brown (Stony Brook, Nordita 1960, 1984-86) • At the time, Nordita the only post-doc opport.

2. Nordita now • Times have changed, and so Nordita • 13 post-docs, 6 assistant profs, 4 visitors, 6 PhD stud, 8 admin, 45 people • Budget 20 MSEK, 4.4 MSEK ERC • Conferences (8/yr), Schools (2/yr), Programs (8-9/yr) • Nordita Master Class (every second yr) • Nordita Corresponding Fellows (curr 1) • Research: > 100 papers/yr

3. Karl-Heinz freq visitor • Much of his scientific career dominated by working out various mean-field effects. • EMF: alpha*B, gamma x B, delta x J, Yoshizawa effect ~W, and ~U (non-Gal.inv) • low Rm, SOCA not only applic, but exact • ui*uj ~ Bi*Bj (quenching 1974, struct form) • AKAeff, Lambda effect, etc • Multiplicity of effects motivate meeting

4. Many people of early years still around • Gene Parker: first developed concept of cyclonic events,  produce pol from tor, embody physics behind alpha effect • Paul Roberts: developed concise formalism of Herzenberg dynamo as used today, produced first complete surveys of alpha effect dynamos in spheres/spher shells, and who translated alpha effect to the West w/ Stix

5. East-West connection • Paul has been instrumental in enabling east-west connection, getting people like Fritz Krause and Karl-Heinz out of the East • Paul+Fritz important contributions about the strength of fluctuations • Others not here: Keith Moffatt, Sasha Ruzmaikin, Michael Stix, Gunther Rudiger

6. Pleasure working w/ Fritz • Both Fritz and Karl-Heinz regular visitors to Helsinki during 1986 – 1990 • My PhD w/ Tuominen, also not here • Fritz stopped research in 1992 after IAU 157, program at Newton Institute • Certainly very fond memories of this time, and we wanted him to come to this special event.

7. Multiple circumstances • Multiple circumstances prevented this • Walking, hearing, seeing • Wanted to say more about this story, because this meeting is also an opportunity to reflect on past accomplishments, and what it is like continuing research well into retirement age.

8. On the phone in November • He explained story of Gustav Heinemann, German politition (president of FRG 69-74), well known for his >2500 public speaches • In later years, others noted that his speaches were not so great any more • Later he himself noted this. • Fritz feels quite strongly that he should not bother us with hearing problems and declining comand of English…

9. Not true universally • Evidenced by • Gene Parker’s great talk of last Thursday, • My productive collaboration with Karl-Heinz • Ongoing collab betw Paul Robert/Andrew Soward • I know from the younger generation that they very much look up to the important accomplishments of the old grand men of dynamo theory.

10. Yesterday • Fritz called me up yesterday that he should never have accepted my request. • Can only guess the true reason. • He did speak with Paul ½ hour ago. • It is really just that he doesn’t want to compare himself with how he was in his younger years.

11. Sibelius story • Finnish composer, died 1957 at age 92 • 7th symphony in 1924, age 59 • Worked for ~20 years on 8th symphony and then he burned all existing fragments (according to accounts of his wife). • Would have been interesting in its own right. • But we must accept these decisions, and so I must also accept the decision of Fritz not to speak to us today.

12. Lesson to me • Should restrain myself in what I should expect from others and what not. • Apologize also to Paul for having put him under pressure to reflect on his early contributions to the field. • I hope you can accept my apologies and give the younger generation a flavor of the early years of mean-field dynamo theory.

13. Introducing Paul Roberts • Paul just spoken to Fritz • What did he say, what do you think? • His translation: I read it in Summer 1986 before I started my PhD in Finland. • Not because translated, but compact • Nice/straightforward deriv of Krause formula • Elaborate models of solar dynamo • Please tell us all about these early year!