symbolic symbolism

1. symbol 象征；标志 The lion is the symbol of courage. On maps, a cross is the symbol for a church. 地图上，十字符号代表教堂。符号；记号 symbolic symbolism mark White marks painted on the trees show the route.树上涂有白色符号用以表示行进路线。 mark one's name on one's clothes sign traffic signs Look out for a sign to the motorway.留意通往告诉公路的标志。 There wasn't a sign of life there.那儿没有生命的迹象。 some signs of improvement in her work 她工作有些改进的的迹象。

2. theme:subject, topic主题；核心；话题 The theme of our discussion was "Europe in the 1990's". 我们讨论的主题是“90年代的欧洲”。 theme park专题公园 theme song主题歌 dress up be dressed in The bride was dressed in white. The facts are very clear. It's no use trying to dress them up. 事实很清楚，想掩饰是没有用的。 Don't bother to dress up. Come as you are. 用不着穿讲究衣服——就穿平常的衣服来吧。 Girls love dressing up.女孩喜欢化妆打扮。

3. opinion What's your opinion of the new President? 你对新总统有什么看法？ He was asked to give his honest opinion. 已请他直言不讳发表意见。 be of the opinion that主张……认为…… I am of the opinion that he is right. In my opinion and in the opinion of most people, it is a very sound investment. 照我和大多数人的看法，这是很可靠的投资。

4. People celebrate Mardi Gras by dressing up in costumes • dress up穿上正装,打扮 • You don’t need to ~ for this dinner. I don’t want to go to their wedding because I hate dressing up. • dress upin … 穿…服装打扮 • I just love the fun of dressing up in ancient clothing. • dress upas … 打扮成 • The little girl dressed herself up as an angle. • be dressedin … 穿 • She is always dressed in white.

5. Make the best of sth. • -- to accept an unsatisfactory situation and do whatever you can to make it less bad (不爱做的事)好好去做,往好里做 • We have to ~ the situation. • One must learn to ~ a bad job. • The girl did not like to wash dishes, but she made the best of it. • Make the worst of • Dave was now changing over from making the worst of the affair to making the best of it. • (在困难情况下)不肯做出努力, 不肯好好干

6. readingLanguage Points: 1、major重大的；主要的； a major road干路 a major operation大手术 We have encountered major problems.我们遇到大问题了。 She majors in maths and physics. 她主修数学和物理。

7. 2 follow follow the crowd follow one’s advice follow one’s example follow the latest fashion Monday follows Sunday. The duckling followed its mother everywhere. I couldn’t follow his argument at all. The main events are as follows: first, the president’s speech, secondly the secretary’s reply and thirdly, the chairman’s summing-up. It rained on the day we arrived, but the following day was sunny.

8. 3. Kwanzaa is a seven-day festival celebrating the culture and history of African Americans. • 1) seven-day (compound adj.) • the tenth five-year plan • a three-leg table • Many students signed up for ________________ race in the sports meeting to be held next week. • 2) celebrating • = which celebrates … • Similar structure: • the week following Christmas Day 800-metre-long

9. 4、celebrate Christmas celebrate a wedding anniversary celebrate sb’s birthday celebrate a victory, success birthday celebration a day of celebration

10. 5 greet:欢迎；迎接；致意；问候 He greeted me in the street with a friendly wave of the hand. 他在街上向我亲切挥手致意。 ‘Hello!’ and ‘Dear sir’ are greetings. a greeting card贺卡 the season’s greeting 6 Gone are the days _____ the Chinese people were looked down upon. John shut everyone out of the kitchen ____ he could prepare his grand surprise for dinner. A. which B. when C. so that D. as if

11. 10. The African first-fruit festivals had many things in common: • If two or more things have something in common, they have the same characteristic or feature. • If two or more people have something in common, they share the same interests or experiences. • To my surprise, I found I had a lot in common with this stranger. • Their methods have a lot in common (with each other).

12. 5. People would get together to celebrate their harvest; people used to give thanksfor their harvest and for life,… • would & used to • would – 情态动词、 “过去常常”, 与used to 意义相近，所不同的是would后一般跟动态性动词，而used to还可跟状态性动词。 • He would come to my home for help when he had any trouble. (= He used to come …) • But: He used to be a worker. • He would be a worker.

13. 7 for What’s English for “公投”？ Referendum 8 have in common They found they had lot in common and got on well. I have nothing in with you. 8他过去不曾开车上班。 He didn’t use to drive to work. 她过去不常完电脑游戏，是吗？ She usedn’t to play computer games, used he?

14. There used to be an old temple on the hill. • When he was there, he ________ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. • would B. should C. had better D. might • would: 过去的习惯（经常发生的动作） • used to: 规则行为

15. 9 honour 向某人表示致敬；表扬某人 I feel greatly honoured by your trust. Will you honour me with a visit? in honour of sth 出于对什么事物的敬意 a ceremory in honour of those killed in battle 为纪念阵亡将士而举行的仪式 It’s a great honour to be invited. You do us a great honour by attending. 你肯光临使我们感到无比荣幸。 Will you do me the honour of dinning with me?

16. 10 principle a text which teaches the basic principles of geometry 原则；原理 the principle of equality of opportunity of all 人人机会均等的原则 live according to one’s principles 按自己的标准行事

17. 11. The festivals were a way to celebrate history and culture, as well as the new year. • Note --- • No articles are used before history and culture一般说, 表示概念性或科学性的抽象名词前不用冠词. 但如果带有限制性的后置修饰成分,应该使用定冠词. • American history • The history of America

18. 12. as well as • He grows flowers as well as vegetables. • She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer. • Are they coming as well? • 13 unity • Live together in unity • Political unity 政治上的一致 • National unity is essential in wartime.

19. unite After three years in prison he was again united with his wife and family. We should unite to fight poverty and disease. A very united family很和睦的家庭 14 community社区；团体；集体；社会 work for the good of the community 为集体利益服务 community service社会服务工作 a community spirit集体精神 community centre社区活动中心

20. 15 country:地理区域 We passed through four countries on our way to Greece. state:政府 The State provides free education and health care. 政府实行免费教育和公费医疗制度。 There are 13 states in Malaysia.州 nation:政治单位 The United Nations The Jewish nation is scattered around the world. 犹太民族散居于世界各地。

21. 16 determine决定；确定 His future has not been determined, but he may study medicine. 他将来何去何从尚未决定，但有可能学医。 他会决定这件事的做法。 He will determine how it is to be done. We determined on an early start.我们决定早些出发。 He determined to learn Greek. 考试成绩可能会决定你的前途。 The exam could determine your career. I’m determined to succeed. 我决心要努力获得成功。 a determined fighter, look, attitude 坚定的战士、神情、态度 a leader with courage and determination果敢的领导

22. 17 support 这座桥禁得住重型卡车通行。 This bridge is strong enough to support heavy lorries. The director were trying to get rid of her, but her staff all supported her. 董事都想把她撤掉，可是她那部门的人员都支持她。 你是哪个足球队的球迷？ Which sport team do you support? 我求学期间由我父母供养。 I was supported by my parents when I was studying.

23. 18 purpose 这次会议的目的是什么？ What is the purpose of the meeting? 你去加拿大干什么去？ What is your purpose in going to Canada. Did he break it accidentally? No, on purpose. 她似乎是有意地做这些事。 She seems to do these things on purpose.

24. 19 create创建；创造；创作 God created the world. A novelist creates characters and a plot. 小说家塑造人物并设计作品的情节。 create more jobs creation the creation of a good impression 良好印象的产生 creative

25. 20 faith (in sth)信任；信仰；信心 put one’s faith in God Have you an faith in what he says? 你相信他的话吗？ I haven’t any faith in this medicine. I have lost faith in that fellow. 我再也不相信那个家伙了。 break faith with sb不忠诚 keep faith with sb忠诚 faithful A faithful friend忠实的朋友 She was always faithful to her husband. 她对丈夫一直很忠诚。

26. 21. We must do as much as we can to make our community better and more beautiful. • as … as one can(=as…as possible) 尽某人所能 • He will drive as carefully as he can to avoid any accidents. • He ran as fast as he could in the race and finally got the 2nd place. • Will you please be back as soon as possible so that you will have more time to exchange views with the experts?

27. 22 spirit He answered with spirit. 他回答得很带劲儿。 in low/poor / high spirits raise one’s spirits Have a glass of brandy to keep your spirits up. 来杯白兰地提提神吧。 23 commercial We must promote commerce with neighbouring countries. commercial law, activity 商业法规，商业活动

28. 24. Since Kwanzaa is a time for learning as well as joy, people celebrate it by lighting a candleeach day and discussing one of … • light – lit; lighted • lighted is used especially as an attributive adj. • e.g. a lighted candle/lamp/match • He lit the candle. • The candles were lit.

29. √ • As soon as the ____ candle was brought in, it soon ____ up the little room. • A. lighted; lit B. lighting; lighted • C. lit; lighted D. lit; lit • Each day & every day • Each day 强调在一定天数中的每一天, 重个体 • Every day 指天数不确定的情况下的每一天,重全体 • Such things do not happen every day. • It rains each day this month.

30. 25. Each time we celebrate a festival it changes a little and in that way we keep our culture alive. • Each time / Every time + clause 每次… • Don’t look up the word in the dictionary every time you come to a word or phrase you don’t know. • Each time he came back to his hometown, he found it changed a little. • the moment + clause 一…就(= as soon as) • I promise you can have the magazine the moment I finish reading it.

31. 26 joy dance, jump, shout with joy He is a great joy to listen to. 他这个人，听他讲话就是极大的乐趣。 one of the simple joys of life 人生中的一件平凡乐事 27 give away He gave most of his money away to charity. 他把大部分钱都捐赠给慈善事业了。（赠送） The major gave away the prizes at the school sports meet. 市长在学校运动会上颁发奖品。（分发）

32. 28 make peace和解 be at peace with sb. / sth与……和好、和睦 She’s never at peace with herself. 她总是静不下来。 keep the peace维持治安 a peace-keeping force 29 the kiss of life 口对口的人工呼吸 kiss sb goodbye

33. Language points • 1. It is likely that people have celebrated … • Likely – adj. 很可能的 • 1) be likely to • John is likely to go to the beach tomorrow. • It is therefore possible to say not only what the weather is like at present, but also what is likely to happen in the next day or two. • 2) It is likely that … • It is likely that he is in trouble now. • It’s quite likely that a decision will be made before the end of the year.

34. Likely /possible /probable • 都作 “可能的”解 • 从意义上讲, likely所表达的可能性比possible强,但比probable弱, 表示某种行为的发生或状态的出现是预料中的. • The sky is clear, so it’s not ______ to rain this afternoon. • A. doubtful B. likely • C. certain D. rarely √

35. 2. Almost every culture has some kind of harvest festival. • Some – used to mean a person or thing, when you do not know or say exactly which (某个,某种) • She was hunting for some book that she had lost. • There must be some mistake. • Some day he will get his scholarship. • For some reason, they didn’t come.

36. 3. All acrossAfrica,… get together for festivals around harvest time. • 4. …, people celebrate a new harvest with days ofdancing and offering fruit to their ancestors and gods. • 5. The boats usedare beautifully painted and decoratedwith flowers of all colours. • 6. …,there is a similar festival in May. • John and I have similar taste in sport. • My computer is similar to Tom’s. • Ais similar toB.

37. 7. People arrange races, games and dances to give thanks to the rice gods. • give thanks to sb. for sth. • Please give my thanks to your father for his kind help. • 8. People visit the graves of their ancestors to show their respect. • Show respect/ love for … • Show interest in … • 9. When the visit to the graves is over,

38. 10. …, on the fifteenth day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar • 11. From Thanksgiving in the West to the Mid-Autumn Festival in the East, the yearly festivals represent our love for family, friends and life.

39. Symbol, signal & sign • Symbol – sign,mark,object etc looked upon as representing sth.符号;象征 • Blue is a symbol of peace. • The Cross is the symbol of Christianity. • Signal – 信号,暗号,警告 • Traffic signals (交通信号) • A red light is usually a signal of danger. • Sign – 记号,符号 Mathematical signs; 表 “告示,牌示”,侧重用图画、文字表达的告示、图示；还可表“迹象、征兆” • Dark clouds are usually a sign of rain.

40. Festival Where Why Who Christmas Europe, the US, also sometimes in China People like the story about Santa Claus; businesses like to make money by selling Christmas things Christians, mainly, but also people who simply enjoy the festival Why are these festivals spreading around the world?

41. 1. Earth Day is a celebration of life and our planet. It is a reminder that we need to care about the world we live in and that we should learn to respect life and nature. • 地球日是为了纪念生命和我们星球,并且提醒我们要关注我们所生活的这个世界, 要学会尊重生命和大自然.

42. 2 care about忧虑；关心 Don’t you care about the country’s future? 难道你不为国家的前途担忧吗？ 我认为她不关心孩子的事。 I don’t think she cares (about) what happens to her children. 她关心的只是她的社交活动。 All she cares about is her social life. care for喜欢 Would you care for a drink? 你愿意喝点儿酒吗？ care for sb. 爱 care for a sick照顾病人 我不太喜欢歌剧。 I don’t care much for Peking Opera.

43. 3 respect sb for sth 由于你为人正直，我对你十分敬重。 I respect you for your honesty. 尊重某人的遗愿、意见、感情 respect one’s wishes, opinions, feelings respect oneself自重；自尊 Children should show respect for their teachers.

44. 4 A Day On, Not A Day Off! • To have “a day off” means to stay at home from work for a day, usually to relax. A “day on” means that although an American doesn’t work that day, they should do something serious to honour the man for whom the holiday is given. • It is not a time for us to rest, but a time to think about and do something important and great.

45. 5. The festival honours boththe livingandthe dead. • the + adj. – used to talk about a class of people or things • The old/young/rich/poor/wounded • Jim is like his father both in appearance and in character. • The young should respect the old and the old should care about the young.

46. 6. People give sugar skeletons to each other as gifts.

47. 7. It is not a sad day, but rather a time to celebrate the cycle of life. • not …but rather … used to say that someone does not do something but does something else instead (不…而…) • 这不是一个哀伤的日子,而是一个纪念生命轮回的时间. • The committee does not deal with opening up the village, but rather discusses the problem of pollution.

48. rather提出更准确的说法 I worked as a secretary, or rather, a typist. 我担任秘书，说得准确些是打字员。 He had to walk—— or rather run —— to the office. 他得走着——应该说是跑着——去上班。

49. 8. Our friends will play tricks on us and try to fool us. • Play tricks on sb./ play a trick on sb. • Don’t play tricks on me -- I want to know the truth. • That was an unfair trick to play on her. • 6. If a person is taken in, … • take in – 收留;理解,领会,明白;欺骗;包括,涉及 • He’s a clever talker – and good at taking people in.

50. Don’t be taken in by products claiming to help you lose weight in a week. • Mrs. Brown is considering taking in students next year. • We could hardly take in what was be being said. • The study of physics takes in many different subject. • I take in a daily paper and a monthly magazine. • 订阅