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The Case for VM-based Cloudlets in Mobile Computing

Source: IEEE Pervasive Computing, Vol. 8, Issue.4, Oct.2009, pp. 14 – 23 Author: Satyanarayanan, M. , Bahl, P. , Caceres, R. , Davies, N. Adviser: Chia-Nian Shyi Speaker: 趙家寬 Date: 2010/11/2. The Case for VM-based Cloudlets in Mobile Computing. Introduction.

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The Case for VM-based Cloudlets in Mobile Computing

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  1. Source: IEEE Pervasive Computing, Vol. 8, Issue.4, Oct.2009, pp. 14 – 23 Author: Satyanarayanan, M. , Bahl, P. , Caceres, R. , Davies, N. Adviser: Chia-Nian Shyi Speaker: 趙家寬 Date: 2010/11/2 The Case for VM-based Cloudlets in Mobile Computing

  2. Introduction • Mobile computing have developed the core concepts, techniques and mechanisms. • Seamlessly augments the cognitive abilities of users. • Speech recognition • Natural language processing • Computer vision and graphics • Machine learning • Augmented reality • Planning and decision-making

  3. Introduction • Virtual Machine (VM) technology to rapidly customized service software on a nearby cloudlet, then uses that service over a wireless LAN. • Cloudlet also simplifies meeting bandwidth demand of multiple users, such as HD video and high-resolution images.

  4. Resource-Poor Mobile Hardware • Mobile hardware is necessarily resource-poor relative to static client and server hardware. • Improving size, weight and battery life are higher priorities than enhancing compute power. • Resource poverty is a major obstacle for many applications with the potential to seamlessly augment human cognition.

  5. The Limits of Cloud Computing • Cloud computing - solution to the resource poverty of mobile devices. • Long WAN latencies are a fundamental obstacle. • WAN delays in the critical path of user interaction can hurt usability.

  6. The Limits of Cloud Computing • Lagar-Cavilla et al shows latency can negatively impact interactive response in spite of adequate bandwidth.

  7. How Cloudlets Can Help • Resource poverty of a mobile device can be addressed by using a nearby resource-rich cloudlet. • The end-to-end response time of applications executing in the cloudlet needs to be fast (few milliseconds) and predictable.

  8. How Cloudlets Can Help • Cloudlets are decentralized and widely-dispersed Internet infrastructure.

  9. How Cloudlets Can Help • A cloudlet only contains soft state such as cache copies of data or code that is available elsewhere.

  10. Transient Cloudlet Customization • A key challenge is to simplify cloudlet management. • Solution is transient customization of cloudlet infrastructure using hardware virtual machine (VM) technology. • Pre-use customization and Post-use cleanup.

  11. Transient Cloudlet Customization • Two different approaches to delivering VM state to infrastructure. • VM migration approach • Already-executing VM is first suspended, processor, disk and memory state are then transferred, VM execution is resumed at the destination.

  12. Transient Cloudlet Customization • The other approach is called dynamic VM synthesis.

  13. Transient Cloudlet Customization • Dynamic VM synthesis differs cloud in two key ways. First its performance is determined solely by local resources: • Bandwidth to cloudlet • Compute power of the cloudlet • Second, WAN failures do not affect synthesis.

  14. Dynamic VM Synthesis • A proof-of-concept prototype called Kimberley. • The controller of the transient binding between mobile device and cloudlet called Kimberley Control Manager (KCM).

  15. Dynamic VM Synthesis • The first step in the binding sequence is the establishment of a secure TCP tunnel using SSL between KCM on a device and a cloudlet. • After successful authentication, the cloudlet KCM executes a command that fetches the VM overlay from the mobile device.

  16. Dynamic VM Synthesis • Decrypts and decompresses it, and applies the overlay to the base VM. • The VM is then launched, and is ready to provide services to the mobile device.

  17. Dynamic VM Synthesis • For use in cloudlets, rapid VM synthesis is important. • Cloudlet handoffs should be as rapid, invisible and seamless.

  18. Dynamic VM Synthesis • Significant improvement is needed for real-world deployment. • The major contributors to VM synthesis time are (a) overlay transmission and (b) decompressing and applying the overlay on the cloudlet.

  19. Dynamic VM Synthesis • To reduce decompression and overlay application times, can exploit parallelism. • Partitioning the VM image into four parts will allow a four-core cloudlet to synthesize the parts.

  20. Conclusion • Resource poverty is a fundamental constraint. • A vision of mobile computing that breaks free of this fundamental constraint. • Mobile users seamlessly utilize nearby computers to obtain the resource benefits of cloud computing without incurring WAN delays and jitter.

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