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The First Years of the War 1861-1863

The First Years of the War 1861-1863. Take Five….

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The First Years of the War 1861-1863

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  1. The First Years of the War 1861-1863

  2. Take Five… Ft. Sumter is MOST significant for being  A) the location of the end of the Civil War.  B) destroyed by the Union when taking Port Royal.  C) the target of General Sherman's March to the Sea.  D) where the first shots of the Civil War were fired.

  3. The Art and Science of War Antoine-Henri Jomini Art of War West Point Position, Maneuver & Concentration High ground Occupying major cities Retreat

  4. The Armies Cavalry Artillery Infantry Corps of Engineers The Quartermaster Corps

  5. The typical battle Advancing through grapeshot Hand to hand combat Smoke and confusion

  6. The soldiers Billy Yank and Johnny Reb Conscription Exemptions Substitutions Riots Draft dodgers Desertion Bounties

  7. Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

  8. Ohio Military Service

  9. Soldiers’ Occupations: North/South Combined

  10. Johnny Reb & Billy Yank

  11. Immigrantsas a %of a State’sPopulationin1860

  12. Buy Your Way Out of Military Service

  13. Camp Life

  14. Army life Drudgery Poor food and shelter Logistical problems Profiteers Disease and lack of medical treatment

  15. Reasons for Southern Exemptions • Haitian slave revolt (1791) • Denmark Vesey (Freedmen’s revolt (1822-Charleston, SC) • Nat Turner (1831-Southampton, VA) • Propaganda • Uncle Tom’s Cabin • William Lloyd Garrison’s The Liberator • David Walker’s The Appeal

  16. The first campaigns 1861 A short and painless war Lincoln’s plan Bull Run or Battle of Manassas General McDowell v General Beauregard The “rebel yell” “Stonewall” Jackson and Joe Johnston Southern victory

  17. Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas)July, 1861

  18. “Stonewall Jackson” "If anyone says he heard the rebel yell and wasn't scared, then ,he never heard it." A Northern soldiers comments on the rebel yell given when confederates charged their positions.

  19. Preparation Overconfidence in the south Regrouping-Army of the Potomac General McClellan

  20. General George McClellan

  21. Differing strategies Northern strategy Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan Defend Washington & Pressure on Richmond Gain control of the Mississippi Valley Blockade the south

  22. The “Anaconda” Plan

  23. Lincoln’s Generals Winfield Scott Joseph Hooker Ulysses S. Grant Irwin McDowell George McClellan George Meade Ambrose Burnside George McClellan,Again!

  24. Ulysses S. Grant

  25. Southern strategy Stop Union advances Foreign allies Great Britain France Napoleon III King Cotton dethroned “Cotton diplomacy” The Trent affair James Mason & John Slidell Charles Francis Adams

  26. The War in 1862 “Copperheads” Suspension of the right of habeas corpus Suppression of anti-administration newspapers The exile of Clement Vallandisham Defeatism Southern victories General Jackson & General Robert E. Lee

  27. The Confederate Generals “Stonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Forrest George Pickett Jeb Stuart James Longstreet Robert E. Lee

  28. General Robert E. Lee

  29. Western campaign-A shift in the war General Halleck & General Ulysses S. Grant Battle of Shiloh Church General Albert Sydney Johnston General Buell The War at Sea Threatening the blockade The Merrimack (The Virginia) The Monitor

  30. The Battle of the Ironclads,March, 1862 The Monitor vs.the Merrimac

  31. Damage on the Deck of the Monitor

  32. The Monitor

  33. Munitions Confederates Union-Army of the Potomac General McClellan Springfield repeating rifle Political differences

  34. McClellan: I Can Do It All!

  35. The Peninsula Campaign McClellan attempts to take Richmond Lee bluffs 2nd Battle of Manassas Davis encourages Northern victories Battle of Antietam Lee’s army escapes to Virginia

  36. War in the East: 1861-1862

  37. Calvary…Jeb Stuart, Nathan Bedford Forrest etc…

  38. Lincoln Visits Antietam

  39. Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” September 17, 1862 23,000 casualties

  40. Emancipation Emancipation Proclamation Enlisting in the army British neutrality

  41. Emancipation in 1863

  42. TheEmancipationProclamation

  43. The Southern View of Emancipation

  44. Radical Republican support Stalemate

  45. 54th Massachusetts • Col Robert Gould Shaw • Recruited by white abolitionists • “death sentence” by the Confederacy • James Island, SC • Fort Wagner, Charleston, SC • Fort Pillow

  46. African-American Recruiting Poster

  47. The Famous 54th Massachusetts

  48. August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Gould Shaw

  49. African-Americansin Civil War Battles

  50. Black Troops Freeing Slaves

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