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Rachel Jewkes 1 , Yandisa Sikweyiya 1 , Robert Morrell 2 , Kristin Dunkle 3 1 Director, Gender & Health Research Uni

Rachel Jewkes 1 , Yandisa Sikweyiya 1 , Robert Morrell 2 , Kristin Dunkle 3 1 Director, Gender & Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, 2 Research office, University of Cape Town 3 B ehavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University, .

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Rachel Jewkes 1 , Yandisa Sikweyiya 1 , Robert Morrell 2 , Kristin Dunkle 3 1 Director, Gender & Health Research Uni

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  1. Rachel Jewkes1, Yandisa Sikweyiya1, Robert Morrell2, Kristin Dunkle31Director,Gender & Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, 2Research office, University of Cape Town3Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University,

  2. The rape capital of the world? • 54 926 rapes of women and girls were reported to the police between April 2005 and March 2006 • ~4x higher than the United States • Yet barriers to reporting are immense and include: rape stigma, fear of not being taken seriously, confusion around sexual entitlement / coercion (was it rape?), fear of retaliation and a sense of futility • Research with victims is a singularly unproductive way of understanding rape – is you want to do that we need to study perpetrators

  3. Methods: • Setting: three districts in the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu Natal Provinces • Study design: representative sample drawn of men living in 222 enumeration areas, aged 18-49 years • APDAs (Audio-enhanced Personal Digital Assistants) were used for the survey • We completed interviews in 1,738 of 2,298 (75.6% ) of the enumerated and eligible households

  4. Characteristics of the men • Age: • 18-24 51.5% • 25-29 19.1% • 30-39 18.7% • 40-49 10.6% • Race: • African 84.9% • Coloured 4.1% • Indian 9.3% • White 1.6% • 54.6% employed or earned in past year • 40% completed matric or attended tertiary

  5. Prevalence by age and race (racial diffs. not explained by age & income)

  6. Prevalence by education and income (income diffs. not explained by age & race)

  7. Multivariable model of factors associated with raping (age adjusted)

  8. Conclusions • This research has highlighted the fact that rape perpetration is not a fringe experience for South African men, • prevalence findings confirmed by the Gauteng province study results which found 37.4% of adult men had ever raped • Most men who rape do so for the first time as teenagers, so prevention must address itself to children and youth

  9. Conclusions • South African patriarchy and ideas flowing from it of sexual entitlement and legitimacy of use of violence against women seem the most important factors driving rape in this country • These are rooted in our dominant ideas of masculinity and we need to engage in changing these if we are to address rape

  10. Conclusions • Other factors are clearly important: • Exposure of children to trauma – which has important neurophysiological impact • Widespread involvement of male youth in gangs • Perceived sense of alienation of youth from the benefits possible/ reaped by others in South African society

  11. Acknowledgements • Funded by: the UK Department For International Development (DFID), and grant was managed by their local partner Human Life Sciences Partnership (HLSP)

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