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Acute Radiation Syndrome

Acute Radiation Syndrome. Kelly Andringa. Radiation Exposure. Everyone is exposed to Radiation Radon Medical tests Cosmic rays. Whole Body Exposure. Certain means of being exposed to whole body irradiation Nuclear accidents Nuclear fallout Atomic bombs Uranium mines Cancer treatments.

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Acute Radiation Syndrome

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  1. Acute Radiation Syndrome Kelly Andringa

  2. Radiation Exposure • Everyone is exposed to Radiation • Radon • Medical tests • Cosmic rays

  3. Whole Body Exposure • Certain means of being exposed to whole body irradiation • Nuclear accidents • Nuclear fallout • Atomic bombs • Uranium mines • Cancer treatments

  4. Acute Radiation Syndrome • Three syndromes • Cerebrovascular Syndrome • Gastrointestinal Syndrome • Hemopoietic Syndrome

  5. From SectionIV: Acute effects of Whole Body Irradiation Lessons from Chernobyl http://www.uic.edu/com/uhrd/manual/section4/section4.html

  6. Phases of Syndromes • Three phases to these Acute Radiation Syndromes • Prodomal Phase • Latent Phase • Manifest Illness

  7. Gastrointestinal Syndrome • Exposure of 7-50 Gy • ‘reproductive death’ • Can last from 3 days to 3 weeks • Indicator of this syndrome is reduced amount of circulating lymphocytes

  8. From SectionIV: Acute effects of Whole Body Irradiation Lessons from Chernobyl http://www.uic.edu/com/uhrd/manual/section4/section4.html

  9. Prodomal Phase • Begins immediately • Exposure over 10 Gy • Upset stomach (anorexia, nausea and diarrhea) • Vomiting for 5-8 hours after exposure • On the second day after exposure general improvement of condition

  10. Exposure between 7 and 10 Gy • Nausea and vomiting • Diarrhea • Decreased blood pressure • Increased pulse • Dry mouth with a metallic taste

  11. Latent Phase • Usually after 3 to 5 days • Asymptomatic • Time between cell damage and expression

  12. Manifest Illness • Exposure of more that 10 Gy • Dehydration and diarrhea • Depletion of cells in small intestine (crypt stem cells) • Stomach, colon and rectum cells soon depleted • Denudation of mucousa • Bacterial infections because lacking granulocytes

  13. Exposure between 7-10 Gy • Same symptoms as greater than 10 Gy exposure • Depending on site of exposure stem cells not always depleted completely

  14. Treatments and Support • Patients helped with supply of fluids and control of infections • No reported cases of survival with exposure over 10 Gy • Death within 4-10 days without support • Exposure of less than 10 Gy not always fatal if properly supported

  15. Treatment of exposure less than 10 Gy • Fluid replacement • Antibiotics • Sterile environment • Granylocyte transfusion (in some cases)

  16. Animal models • In exposure less that 10 Gy with “germ-free” environment • Animal models survived two to four times the LD50 • Mortality was reduced to zero in these conditions

  17. Thank You Any Questions?

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