1 / 35

GOES-R Support to U.S. Army Weather Applications Donald Hoock, Civ, US Army

GOES-R Support to U.S. Army Weather Applications Donald Hoock, Civ, US Army U.S. Army Research Laboratory Computational & Information Sciences Directorate AMSRD-ARL-CI-EE White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002-5501 (505) 678-5430; Fax: (505) 678-3385 dhoock@arl.army.mil.

gigi
Download Presentation

GOES-R Support to U.S. Army Weather Applications Donald Hoock, Civ, US Army

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. GOES-R Support to U.S. Army Weather Applications Donald Hoock, Civ, US Army U.S. Army Research Laboratory Computational & Information Sciences Directorate AMSRD-ARL-CI-EE White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002-5501 (505) 678-5430; Fax: (505) 678-3385 dhoock@arl.army.mil 3rd GOES-R Users Conference, 12 May 2004, Broomfield, CO For Session 6A: Serve society’s needs for weather & water information

  2. 1st GOES User Conference Revisited – Weather requirements across 11 Battlefield Functional Areas • Latest METSAT parameter requirements matrix • Army Transformation - Changing Army weather information requirements for the GOES-R era - Key weather information providers to the Army Outline

  3. Timely, accurate weather including METSAT information supports 11 Battlefield Functional Areas • Special Operations Forces – infiltration/exfiltration, situation awareness • Infantry – visibility, paradrop, human exposure, urban smoke and canopy MET • INTEL – weather analysis for Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (IPB): inputs for mission planning forecasts and near real time mission execution nowcasts, command and control decision aids, and impacts on intelligence collection - surveillance - air/ground reconnaissance systems • Aviation - air assault, attack, and reconnaissance; unmanned aerial vehicles • Logistics - littoral & land weather effects on road & rail resupply, rear operations, • Air Defense – locating weapons sites, target acquisition range and tracking • NBC Officer – Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high explosives hazard prediction • Engineers - terrain analysis, hydrology, mobility, river crossing, smoke ops • Field Artillery – ballistics; target area weather for Precision Guided Munitions • Armor – terrain & weather effects on trafficability, visibility, target acquisition • Signal – Atmospheric and space weather limitations on terminals and signal transmission

  4. Cloud and surface state parameter information identified in Battlefield Functional Area (BFA) requirements From 1st GOES User Conference BFA Legend: AD = air defense ARM = armor AVN = aviation ENG = engineers FA = field artillery INF = infantry INT = intelligence SIG = signal LOG = logistics SOF = special operations NBC = chem/bio Data requirements identified through Army schools and centers

  5. Aerosols, precipitation and solar radiation data identified in Battlefield Functional Area (BFA) requirements From 1st GOES User Conference BFA Legend: AD = air defense ARM = armor AVN = aviation ENG = engineers FA = field artillery INF = infantry INT = intelligence SIG = signal LOG = logistics SOF = special operations NBC = chem/bio Data requirements identified through Army schools and centers

  6. Sea state and atmospheric stability data identified in Battlefield Functional Area (BFA) requirements From 1st GOES User Conference BFA Legend: AD = air defense ARM = armor AVN = aviation ENG = engineers FA = field artillery INF = infantry INT = intelligence SIG = signal LOG = logistics SOF = special operations NBC = chem/bio Data requirements identified through Army schools and centers

  7. Specific quantitative requirements for these parameters are still being staffed through the Army The following two slides show some examples. These are still draft. Many additional quantitative Army requirements for the atmosphere, ocean, land surface state and space weather categories will be available soon. (G = Global; H = Hemispheric; C = Continental; M = Mesoscale)

  8. H = theater or smaller area of operation G = synoptic or hemispheric area.

  9. Army Navy Critical Weather Parameters most frequently appearing in Integrated Weather Effects Decision Aids Weather Parameters in Tri-service IWEDA by Class (“3,500 impacts” rule set) Navy critical weather impact parameters are similar but focus more on ocean state and visibility Army (Visibility restrictions include obscuring clouds and low ceilings, as well as reduced visual range due to dust, fog, precipitation, etc. )

  10. Today’s Army Tactical Weather Battle Command System – Integrated Meteorological System (IMETS)

  11. Today’s IMETS supports the “Division and Above” Tactical Operations Centers (TOC), Special Operations Forces and Aviation Brigades Key Point: The Air Force broadcasts 3-D gridded MM5 forecasts, global surface and upper air observations, 2-D forecast products and METSAT by commercial communications satellite – Products are primarily isolated in the local TOC

  12. GOES Data on Army Battle Command Digital Map Overlays METSAT digital overlays displayed on Army Battle Command System (ABCS) Common Operational Picture (COP) GOES - Water Vapor Band with Forecast Wind Barbs and Temperature GOES - IR Band and Forecast Wind Flow

  13. Army IMETS GOES Receivers are replacing the Air Force Small Tactical Terminal (STT) (in Phase-out) LA

  14. Value-Added – Updating the forecast and enhancing data resolution refines the Impact Decision Aid Comparing forecast, nowcast and objective analysis of impacts on UAV operations – This illustrates the value of timely data such as METSAT inputs to support mission execution

  15. Overlaid METSAT helps confirm the red-green-amber impact decision aid map overlay (here a forecast for “red” weather impacts on helicopter operations to the northeast) The timing of storm passage – Exit of a storm out of the region more quickly than forecast means that “red” impact warnings to the south (here forecast against UAV operations) can be removed early Storm clearing out to NE early The timing and extent of fog - Display of METSAT observed fog (gray processed areas in NE quadrant) with forecast fog (wide spread yellow areas) from the IMETS 24-hr old forecast - showing differences in clearing rates METSAT can provide critical information to confirm or update the numerical forecasts and decision aids (prototype products)

  16. Satellites provide space weather forecasts that are critical to Army communications Space Weather: Mission Impact Decision Aids Matrix 24-72 hour forecast of space weather impacts to warfighter missions • The Army receives its space weather products from the Air Force • GOES-R future Space Environment Sensors (SEISS / SIS,..) can help satisfy this requirement

  17. New Army Requirements Documents clearly identify the value and need for accurate weather information FOC-03-03: “Advanced Collection, Processing, Analysis, Management and Sharing of Information” – Army Capstone Requirement – (TRADOC PAM 525-66, 30 Jan 2003) Based On; “A layered network of advanced sensors that sense multiple domains” “Soldiers and leaders will be empowered with timely, accurate information about terrain and weather, and will receive accurate, timely, up-to-date digital map information of the battlefield.” “Units will be able to receive and disseminate terrain and weather information immediatelythroughout the Area of Operation,even while en route, to gain the advantage at all times…” Note: This requirement was also adopted in the Operational Requirements Document for the Army Future Combat System (FCS ORD – 30 Aug 2002)

  18. New Army Requirements Documents clearly identify the value and need for accurate weather information FOC-10-01: “Understand the Battlespace Environment” – Army Capstone Requirement – (TRADOC PAM 525-66, 30 Jan 2003) “Understanding the Battlespace Environment is real-time understanding ofthe environment (space, air, water, land, subterranean), including terrain,weather, infrastructure, hazards, populations…” “Terrain and weather form the foundation of the Common Operating Picture - the summation of critical combat information within the battlespace.” “Accurate terrain and weather products, with great spatial and temporal detail, will be a necessity for supporting network sensing, mission analysis, and the military decision making process.”

  19. JET (IMETS WEW) AF Combat Wx Team WS - Weather Services UEx / UA Soldier Weather Client Subscription Push / Pull IMETS will be absorbed into an INTEL System: Distributed Common Ground Station – Army (DCGS-A) MET Support Significant Changes Under Army Transformation Higher Echelon Command in Units of Employment (UE) and Highly Mobile Lower Echelon Units of Action (UA) INSCOM / OWS 2-way Net Centric Comms DCGS-A Weather Software Modules for INTEL Analyst Wx impact analysis, running estimate, real time data, UAV ISR, CROP updates, and mission execution TDAs 2-way Net Centric Comms UEx/UA INTEL- MET analysis at lower UA echelons UA SOF

  20. Air Force/Army Joint Environmental Toolkit (JET) Workstation will absorb the IMETS Weather Effects Workstation (WEW) JWIS OPS II JET Air Force Strategic Center Operational Weather Squadron (OWS’s) at Hubs & Combined Air Ops Centers Combat Weather Teams (CWT’s) Deploy with the Army Air Force Software is undergoing a major consolidation with IMETS Weather Effects Workstation Software and IWEDA Consolidation of workstations will reduce maintenance and training JET Interface WDAC Common Toolkit Common HMI + IMETS NTFS Increment 1 Focus

  21. AF/Army Combat Weather Teams will continue to provide forecast and IMETS/JET products on the DCGS-A at UEx much as they do now

  22. The INTEL Analyst at UEx / UA will have direct access to weather and impact Decision Aid products as “actionable intelligence” updated by METSAT and real time “Current Weather Forward” data

  23. DCGS-A – integrated, responsive weather support from Air Force Weather Agency & Operational Weather Hubs thru “current weather forward”

  24. Distributed Common Ground Station – Army (DCGS-A) will be the Army INTEL & Natural Environment Workstation Weather is an INTEL function Battlespace Environment Visualization 4.1.6. Visualization.DCGS-A shallprovide relevant information and intelligence on the red, grey, terrain, and weather to all Objective Force elements [DCGS-A ORD] 4.1.6.4 DCGS-A in all configurations shall have the capability to create, display, and dynamically update 4-D (width, depth, height, and time) red, grey, terrain and weather visualization products. (Threshold = Objective) [DCGS-A ORD 0059]

  25. Mexico Forest Fires, Summer 1998 DCGS-A Requirements for METSAT Data are Explicit In the NPOESS and GOES-R eras High Rate Data (HRD) will be down linked from the Air Force. Low Rate Data (LRD) may be available in the field for direct downlink at middle echelons (Unit of Employment). Access to Hi-rate data – NPOESS, GOES-R and Foreign METSAT 4.1.14.3 DCGS-A in all configurations shall have the capability to access to high-resolution secure and low-resolution METSAT information within 30 minutes (T) 15 minutes from sensing on orbit (O). [DCGS-A ORD 0196] DMSP, NOAA and GOES satellite imagery are currently registered over the Joint Mapping Toolkit and animated for displays

  26. West Texas Dust Storms, 4 May 1999 High Rate Data will likely not be collected by the Army but disseminated from Air Force Ground Terminals Direct receive METSAT Requirement 4.1.14.2 DCGS-A in a unit of assignment must have direct reception capability of high resolution secure military polar-orbiting and low-resolution unsecure civil geo-stationary meteorological satellite (METSAT) imagery and special sensor data within 10 minutes of sensing by the METSAT. (T) Shall receive high-resolution secure and low-resolution METSAT information within 5 minutes from sensing on orbit. (O) [DCGS-A ORD 0195] Space Weather Data Collection and Dissemination 4.1.14.8 DCGS-A shall have the capability to receive and disseminate space weather impact products (in near-real-time) from Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) (T). The capability to receive future space weather impact products and real-time measurements from ground-based (passive and/or active) space weather sensors from forward-deployed locations (O) [DCGS-A ORD 0201]

  27. Combat Engineer Analysis in Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (IPB) • Army Corps of Engineers Analysis and Decision Aids • Terrain analysis and operational support • Hydrological analysis and flood forecasts • Mobility and trafficability • Digital Topographic Support Services • Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield Soil Moisture and Snow Depth – whether measured or derived remain key maneuver parameters for the Army NATO Reference Mobility Model (Maximum speeds and “No-go” areas)

  28. Weather Satellite TUAV UAV TIMELY LOCAL MET DATA TIMELY APOGEE MET DATA TIMELY TARGET MET DATA • Wind Profiling Radar or LIDAR • Radiometer Profiler FCS Army Artillery Weather - MMS Profiler [Block II (FCS UA) Configuration ] Key Performance Parameters: - MET message every 30 minutes - Target Area MET (60 km threshold, 500 km objective) Required MET Parameters: - wind speed / direction - Temperature, pressure, humidity

  29. Data Atmospheric Model Process Model Data & Received Messages Fire Control and C4ISR Systems Artillery Meterology – Meteorological Measurement Set (MMS) -Profiler NOGAPS Global Positioning System Battlefield Domain Digital Maps Digital Topographic Data Surface MET Sensor Balloon-Borne Radiosonde Weather Satellite Receiver Common Hardware/ Software- JTA-A/DII COE Compliant MM5 Forecast along the Trajectory and in the Target Area Targeting Requests and MET Message Requests Profile and MET Message Generation

  30. Temperature and moisture profiles affect artillery, radar ducting, smoke and NBC transport Research Example: Sensor Fusion Application Exploit High resolution vertical temperature and moisture profiles from GOES-R HES (~ 1 deg K rmse) with a passive ground-based radiometer to improve profile accuracy at all levels Profiler SBIR A passive radiometer observing in the 20-35 GHz and 50-60 GHz bands has been delivered under an Army SBIR with Radiometrics Corp., Boulder, CO, providing vertical profiles of temperature and profiles of liquid water and water vapor at 18 levels, cloud ceilings, and cloud thickness information

  31. Artillery Meteorology - Potential for GOES exploitation • Future GOES Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES) sounder and Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) resolutions suggest excellent potential for supporting Army Artillery Meteorology: • Accurate, high resolution temperature and moisture profiles down to the surface • Improved resolution for wind retrieval including cloud and moisture-drift • Frequent temporal updates • Issues: • - coverage in the Army’s tactical area of interest may be limited • - access to hi-res data in the field (radiances are desirable over derived temperature, but require higher data bandwidths) • - cloud cover limits visible and infrared sensor profiles • - actual error of individual ABS profile retrievals near the surface and tropopause will be worse than theoretical mean error

  32. Developmental Test Command (DTC) Operates Nine Army Test Centers • U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground's Meteorology and Obscurants Division is the Program Manager for the ATEC Four-Dimensional Weather (4DWX) System • developed for use at U.S. Army test ranges • performed in collaboration with the NCAR • prototype 4DWX system provides: • Integrated archival, retrieval and display of all range meteorological data • Displays of regional model output, global model output, and real time satellite updates • Four-dimensional data assimilation (physics-based interpolation in time and space of both internal and external meteorological data) • High-resolution mesoscale model forecasts for the scheduling and conducting of tests. METSAT Support to Testing and Evaluation Range Operations

  33. Conclusions • The Army is well into the process of transformation • Army weather systems may look different in the GOES-R era than they do now, but METSAT requirements will remain solid • Current Army Operational Requirements Documents and Force Operation Concepts cite requirements in detail for real time weather updates that support METSAT and forward deployed sensors • GOES-R will better support INTEL, Artillery-MET, space weather and Army range operations requirements • The Air Force will continue to support the Army with Combat Weather Teams, gridded forecast products and high resolution METSAT data

More Related