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ANCIENT AFRICA. N- Sahara desert : difficult to cross- stops movement Nile River (NE), Niger River ,(W) Congo River (W): trade, water, farming, food S- Kalahari desert rainforest in Congo Grasslands- Serengeti S- Bantu migrate: use up resources, then move W- Nok farming/family.
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ANCIENT AFRICA N- Sahara desert : difficult to cross- stops movementNile River (NE), Niger River,(W) Congo River (W): trade, water, farming, foodS- Kalahari desertrainforest in Congo Grasslands- Serengeti S- Bantu migrate: use up resources, then moveW- Nok farming/family Geography &Environment Economics N- Egypt & Nubia/Kush trade partners, then rivalsN- Assyrians invade; thenAxumsinvade N-Axum: advanced weapons; controlled trade on Red Sea Trading: cargo ships sailing the Nile- Rome, India, Persia, EgyptS- Bantu- farmers until resources used up; movedW- on Niger River: Ghana/Mali taxed the caravans crossing the SaharaW- salt and gold, ivoryW- Mali: ISLAM Mansa Musa went on his hajj & showed off Mali’s wealth W- Mali: ISLAM – Songhai - Sunni Ali rulerW- Mali Askia the Great Morocco died of malaria Culture & Religion Government & Civics N- Egypt/Kush ruler: pharoah S- rulers: chiefs, council eldersS- extended families = clans; matrilineal (husband joined wife’s clan) W-Ghana ruler- king (ghana) W- Mali- king (Mansa Musa,)- ISLAMIC W- Sonhai- (Suni Ali, Askia the Great) -ISLAMIC N- Egypt: rulers were godsN- 330 CE Christianity to Axum (Ethiopia) N- 600 CE Islamic raiders S- polytheism, animism, pray to ancestors; spirit dances & masks S- family &farming: kinship (matrilineal or patrilineal) S- oral traditions:griot(storyteller) S- diviner: someone who communes with spirits W- ISLAM (Mansa Musa- hajj) W- ISLAM: 5 pillars; mosque