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Evolution of the CHS Superfamily. Old picture: CHS (ubiquitous in plants) may be ancestral to other non-CHSs that are found in selected plants. Repeated, independent evolution of non-CHS enzymes from CHS in different species. Emerging picture:

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  1. Evolution of the CHS Superfamily Old picture: CHS (ubiquitous in plants) may be ancestral to other non-CHSs that are found in selected plants. Repeated, independent evolution of non-CHS enzymes from CHS in different species.

  2. Emerging picture: Repeated gene birth-and-death, re-invention of non-CHS enzymes CHS may not be the MRCA

  3. Divergent Evolution of the CHS Superfamily in Plants

  4. Bacteria Fungi Plants PpCHS11 from the moss, Physcomitrella patens appears to be the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) to the plant CHS family.

  5. Evolution of the CHS Superfamily Ancestral initiation condensing enzyme CHN Acquisition of cyclization ability (GFGPG Loop) KAS III, KCS, HMGS Ancestor CHS-like enzymes in (cyano)bacteria and fungi (Alkylresorcinol synthase and other non-CHSs) Alkylresorcinol Synthase in Alga & Lichens ?? In plants (450 mya) Anther-specific CHS-like enzymes for reproduction Gene duplication and diversification in starter-CoA, condensation steps, cyclization type Various non-CHSs before split of gymnosperms and angiosperms CHS in liverworts and mosses for UV protection Repeated gene birth-and-death Re-invention of non-CHS enzymes The CHS superfamily in angiosperms

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