Jarrett-Unit 2: Review Sheet

1. Name: Jarrett-Unit 2: Review Sheet Classical Era‐West‐Persia, Greece, and Rome Test Date _____________________ Objectives: What is a classical civilization? Where were they? Europe Greece and Rome Monarchy, theocracy, democracy, republic, oligarchy Development of democratic‐republican government Twelve Tables Rights such as “trail by a jury of your peers” “innocent until proven guilty” “equality before the law” Rights and responsibilities of citizens and non citizens in civic participation Fundamental ideas and institutions of Western civilizations Math, science, and technology Archimedes, Eratosthenes, Pythagoras Rome Collapse and its Impact on Western Europe Christianity‐origins, spread, ideas Art and architecture Persia Americas Maya‐politicial, economic, social, and cultural developments Prior civilizations influence‐Olmecs Collapse East India Maurya and Gupta Origin and spread of math, science, and technology China Zhou and Qin Han and Collapse Confucianism‐origins, ideas, spread Compare collapse of Rome and Han

2. Jarrett-Unit 2: Greece Worksheet Name:_____________________________________ Ancient Greece 1. Minoan (2000 BC - 1400 BC) a. Geography: located on the island of _________________ (111) b. King _______________(67), leader of the civilization c. The civilization died out over a period of time either by invasion or a catastrophe of an _______________(68) 2. Mainland Greece/Mycenae a.Geography: located on the Balkan Peninsula i. Any place in Greece is no more than ______(111)miles from the sea ii. Greece is surrounded by the seas, ______________, _________________, ________________(111), which allowed for ______________ and _____________(111). iii. Rugged mountains cover about ______% (111) of Ancient Greece. iv. Only ______% (111) of the land is suitable for farming. b.Early Settlers i. Indo-Europeans (2000 BC) 1. They organized into tribes and clans 2. Nomads – learned to grow grapes, grains and olives ii. ______________________(112) (1600 BC – 1200 BC) 1. Leader: King Agamemnon 2. Adopted many elements of the Minoan civilization 3. Religion: same as the Minoans 4. Trojan War: a. Reason; economic rivalry and Persian Prince kidnaps ____________(113), beautiful wife of the Greek king. b. Result after 10 years, the Mycenaeans destroy the city of Troy by using the __________________________________(113). c. Homer, a Greek poet, wrote the __________(114) and the _________(114), describing the war and the travels of Odysseus. d. Economy based on the trading of grapes, grains and olives e. ___________________________(113), a German archaeologist, discovered the possible site of the city of Troy iii. Dorians (1100 BC – 750 BC) 1. Mycenaean civilization collapses 2. Very primitive nomadic groups will invade with iron weapons 3. Beginning of the Dark Ages because economy will collapse and trade will come to a standstill a. According to historians, the Dorians lost the ability to _____________(114), therefore little is known about this time period. 3. Greek Culture: a. Religion: i. Greek Gods possess human qualities such as _____________, _____________, _____________(114). ii. Greek Gods often quarreled and competed with each other. iii. ___________________(114) was the ruler of the Gods. Greek Gods did not live in heaven, but on Mount ________________________(114).

3. 3. Greek Culture: b. Greek word for city state is ________________(115) i. Influenced by geography, the city state will share certain features 1. small size 2. small population 3. ______________________(115), a public center 4. ______________________(115) a fortified hilltop Ii. City states remained separate because of geography, jealousy, and differing personalities c. Government: i. City-states formed different political structures 1. King ruled government was called a ______________________(115) 2. A government ruled by a small group of noble and land-owning families is called an_______________________(115) a. Often gained political power after working in the king’s ______________(115) 3. A government ruled by a few powerful people is an _________________(115) a. Formed when wealthy merchants and artisans shared or took power from nobles. 4. Most Greeks looked down on all non-Greek foreigners, whom they considered to be __________________________(115) ii. Greek foot soldiers, called ____________________(115) formed a fearsome fighting formation called a________________________(115). iii. Powerful individuals called ______________________(116) gained control of the government by appealing to the poor and the discontented for support. d. Sparta i. Geography; located in the southern part of Greece called _____________(116) ii. Government: 1. Monarchy was headed by _________(116) kings, who had no power. 2. _____________________________________(116) proposed the laws. 3. Assembly of citizens voted on the proposed laws 4. 5 elected officials called ______________________(116) carried out the laws (powerful) iii. Social classes: 1. _________________(116) were descendants of the original inhabitants and controlled the government. 2. Neighbors were free people with no citizenship 3. __________________(116) served as household servants 4. Most people were farmers 5. Helots and Neighbors outnumbered the Spartans 20 to 1 iv. Military Machine – “A city is well fortified which has a wall of men instead of brick” 1. Regulated the lives of citizens from birth to death 2. Sickly babies were killed 3. Role of male: a. Age 7, went to live in _____________________(116) b. Age 20, began military service until the age of 60 c. Age 30, married d. Role of female: a. Went through strict physical training to develop strength and endurance. As mother of future soldiers, she had to be physically fit. Trained in patriotic devotion. Jarrett-Unit 2: Greece Worksheet (pg. 2)

4. Jarrett-Unit 2: Greece Worksheet (pg. 3) d. Sparta (cont) 5. Stressed absolute loyalty, courage, strength and endurance! 6. No major contribution achieved because intelligence achievements were not stressed e. Athens – The birthplace of ____________________________(117) i. Geography; Ionians settled on Attica ii. Government: 1. ________________________(117) – rule by the people 2. Citizens participated directly in political decision making a. Only___________________________(117) could be citizens. iii. Reformers: 1. ____________________(117) wrote the first legal code – the law was harsh 2. ____________________(117) outlawed debt slavery a. Legal concept that allowed any citizen to _____________(117) 3. _______________________(118) financed reform by placing a tax on agricultural production. He also started a _______________________________(118) to provide jobs. 4. ____________________________(118) introduced a series of reforms that allowed Athenian citizens to participate in a limited democracy. Only _______(118) of Athenian residents were actual citizens. 4. Conflict: a. Persian War: i. First Persian War 1. Conflict began on coast of Anatolia when the _____________________(118) revolted against Persians and ____________________(118) sent ships and soldiers to give aid. 2 Persian King, ___________________(118) defeated the rebels and then vowed to destroy_______________________(118) in revenge, but failed due to weather. ii. Second Persian War 1. Persians were defeated in the battle of ________________________(118) even though they greatly outnumbered the Greeks. 2. __________________________(118) ran 26.2 miles to give the news of the Greek victory, then he collapsed and died. iii. Third Persian War 1. Persian army now led by ______________________(118), son of Darius the Great. 2. Narrow mountain pass at _________________________(118) was where the Spartans, under the leadership of King Leonidas, attempted to hold of the Persian army. After 3 days, a traitor showed the Persians a secret path that resulted in __________(118-119) 300 Spartans to die.

5. Jarrett-Unit 2: Greece Worksheet (pg. 4) 4. Conflict: a. Persian War: (cont) 3. Athenian statesman, ___________________________(119) convinced the Athenians to evacuate the city and fight at sea. The Battle of ______________________(119) resulted in an Athenian victory because Persian ships found it hard to maneuver in the narrow channel. The Persians lost ___________(119) of their fleet. 4. The final battle was at _______________________(119) where the Persians were defeated. iv. Consequences of the Persian war; 1. A new alliance called the ____________________________(119) was formed under the leadership of _______________________(119). It brought Athens into a brief golden age. 5. Pericles: a. Three goals of Pericles was: (120) 1. ________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________ b. ______________________________________(120); a form of government in which citizens rule directly. c. For Pericles to finance his reforms, he used funds from the ______________________(121) treasurywithout approval of other members from the league. 6. Golden Age: a. Architecture; i. The ________________________(121) was built with funds from the Delian League. It was a temple to honor Athena. ii. The Statue of Athena was done by _____________________(121) iii. The values of order, balance, and proportion became the standard of _______________(121) art. b. Drama; i. The Greeks invented drama and built the first _______________________(121) in the west. ii. The Greeks wrote 2 types of plays ___________________ and ___________________(122) 7. Peloponnesian War: a. It was fought between the city-state of ___________________ and ________________(123). b. The advantage at sea belonged to _________________(123) and ___________________(123) on land. c. Pericles strategy was to avoid ________________ and to strike _____________ at sea(123). d. Athens was greatly weakened by a __________________(123) that killed 1/3 to 2/3 of its population including _________________(123). Athenians also suffered a major setback when they failed in their attempt to take Syracuse. 8. Philosophers: a. The word ‘philosophers’ means _____________________________________(124) b. Greek thinkers based their philosophy on two assumptions. i. The universe is put together in an orderly way and people can understand those laws through _____________________ and _______________(124). c. ________________________(124) questioned people’s unexamined beliefs and ideas about j usticeand other traditional values. ________________________(124) was one of the most famous Sophists who questioned the existence of traditional Greek gods.

6. d. Socrates: i. He was a critic of the Sophists. He believed that absolute standards did exist for _________________ and ________________(124). He also said the Greeks should question themselves and their ________________, _____________(124). Socrates developed a method of teaching called the ___________________(125), which uses a ________________and_________________(125) approach. Socrates was brought to trial for corrupting the ________________________________(124), but he claimed that his teachings were good for Athens because they forced people to think about their ____________and____________(124). The jury passed a verdict of _______________(124) and Socrates was sentenced to ________________(124). e. Plato i. Plato was a student of ___________________(124). Plato wrote down conversations he had held with Socrates. His most famous work was the ____________________(124), in which he describes his vision of a perfectly __________________________(125). Plato opened a school called the __________________(125). His writings will dominate Europe for nearly ______________(125) years. f. Aristotle i. He questioned the nature of the world and of ________________________________(125). He came close to summarizing ___________________________(125) up to his time. He developed a method of arguing called ________________(125). His work provides the basis of the _______________________(125) used today. He opened a school in Athens called ________________(125). One of his most famous students was ____________________(125). 9. Philip of Macedonia a. Used phalanx, cavalry to defend his country. He will plan to invade Greece. Athenian orator _____________________(128) tried to warn Greece of the threat Philip imposed, but Greek city-states could not agree on a single policy. Macedonians soundly defeated the Greeks at the battle of ______________________(128), ending Greece independence. Philip then planned to invade __________________(128) but was murdered by a former guardsman. ________________________(128) was then proclaimed king. 10. Hellenistic Culture a. Greek culture blended with Egyptian, Persian and Indian influence is called ___________(132) b. The city of ______________________(132) became the center of the Hellenistic civilization. c. _____________________(132) was an enormous lighthouse that stood over the Alexandria harbor. d. Alexandria was also known for its famous museum and __________________(132), which was the first true__________________________(133) in the world. e. Astronomy i. Aristarchus’ two significant conclusions were: 1. The sun ___________________________________________(133) 2. The earth and planets ___________________________________(133) ii. ______________________(133) incorrectly placed the ___________(133) at the center of the universe. iii. ______________________(133) closely calculated the earths’ true size. He claimed the earths’ circumference was _______________(133) miles, when it is actually 24,860 miles. His estimate was within ______% (133) of modern calculations. iv. ________________________(133) invented the system of longitude and latitude. Jarrett-Unit 2: Greece Worksheet (pg. 5)

7. 10. Hellenistic Culture (cont) f. Mathematics and Physics g. Euclid wrote __________________(134), which is still the basis for courses in geometry today. ii. _______________________(134) calculated the value of ‘pi’, explained the law of the ___________(134) and invented the _____________________(134) pulley and a _____________________(134). g. Philosophy and Art i. Two major philosophies that developed during the Hellenistic period are _____________(134) and __________________________(135). ii. ____________________ developed stoicism, which is, the belief that divine power controlled the universe. He proposed that people should live a life in harmony with natural _________(134). He preached that vices should be controlled and that people should focus on the things they can _______________(134) iii. Epicureanism was founded by ____________________(135). He taught that the universe was composed of ___________(135) and ruled by _____________(135) who had no interest in ________________(135). He believed that the only real objects were those the ___________________(135) could perceive. The greatest good and highest pleasure came from virtuous conduct and absence of ____________(135). The main goals of humans was to achieve harmony of ______________ and ____________(135). He advocated ___________________(135) in all things. iv. Two examples of Hellenistic sculptors: 1. ___________________________________________(135) 2. ___________________________________________(135) Jarrett-Unit 2: Greece Worksheet (pg. 6)

8. Name: Jarrett-Unit 2: Vocab Rome Sheet Chapter 6 Vocabulary Section One: The Romans Create a Republic 1. Republic: 2. Patricians: 3. plebeians: 4. tribunes: 5. Twelve Tables: 6. consuls: 7. senate: 8. Centuriate Assembly: 9. Tribal Assembly: 10. Praetors: 11. dictators: 12. Roman legions: 13. veto: 14. Punic Wars: 15. Hannibal:

9. Name: Jarrett-Unit 2: Vocab Rome Sheet Section Two: The Roman Empire Brings Change 16. Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus: 17. civil war: 18. Julius Caesar: 19. triumvirate: 20. absolute ruler: 21. Mark Antony: 22. Cleopatra: 23. Augustus: 24. PaxRomana: 25. civil service: Bad Emperors 26. Caligula: 27. Nero: 28. Domitian: Good Emperors 29. Nerva: 30. Trajan:

10. Name: Jarrett-Unit 2: Vocab Rome Sheet 31. Hadrian: 32. Antoninus Pius: 33. Marcus Aurelius: 34. gladiators: Roman nameGreek name god of… Jupiter Zeus Head god Mars AresGod of war Juno HeraMother of gods Venus Aphrodite Goddess of love Mercury Hermes Messenger/medicine Pluto Hades God of the underworld Neptune Poseidon God of the sea 35. colosseum: Section Three: The Rise of Christianity 36. zealot: 37. Jesus: 38. Gospel: 39. apostles: 40. messiah: 41. Peter: 42. Paul: 43. Diaspora:

11. Name: Jarrett-Unit 2: Vocab Rome Sheet 44. scapegoats: 45. hierarchy: 46. bishop: 47. pope: 48. Constantine: 49. Edict of Milan: 50. heresy: Section Four: The Decline of the Roman Empire 51. inflation: 52. Diocletian: 53. Constantinople: 54. Alaric: 55. Attila: 56. sacked:

12. Jarrett-Unit 2: Answer Sheet Slide 8 Name: APPLYING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED Many of the letter in our alphabet come from Greek and Phoenician letters. How does such an alphabet differ from Egyptian hieroglyphics or Chinese characters? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING • __ • __ • __ • __ • __ • __ • __ • __ • __ • __ Slide 19 APPLYING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED How was Athenian democracy different from American democracy today? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Slide 11 ACTING AS AN AMATEUR HISTORIAN Read the following document from Plato’s Crito. Then answer the two questions that follow. What reasons does Socrates give to his students for his refusal to escape? • ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Would you have agreed with his reasoning? Explain your answer. • _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Slide 12 “Look at it this way. Suppose that while we are preparing to run away, the laws and Constitution of Athens were to come and ask; ‘Now Socrates, what are you doing? Can you deny that by this act you are thinking of, you will have the power to destroy us, the laws, and the whole state as well? Do you imagine that a city can continue to exist and not be turned upside down, if the legal judgments pronounced have no force, and are destroyed by private person? You have 70 years in which you could have left the country if you were not satisfied with us or felt the agreements were unfair. And now, after all this, are you not going to stand by your agreement?’” ---Plato, Crito

13. Jarrett-Unit 2: Answer Sheet Slide 13 Read the following document from Aristotle’s Politics. Then answer the question below. • What three types of government does Aristotle identify? How do they differ. • _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “We have next to consider how many forms of government there are, and what they are…The true forms of government are those in which the one, the few or not the many govern with a view to the common interest…Of forms of government in which one rules, we call that kingship; that in which more than one but not many rule, we call aristocracy; when citizens at large administer the state for the common interest, the government is called a democracy.” ---Aristotle, Politics Slide 15 Political and Military Map: The extent of Alexander’s empire. Checking for understanding: Based on the map, how does Alexander get most of the credit for the spread of Greek ideas throughout the Middle East to India? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Slide 23 APPLYING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED What debt did the Romans owe to the ancient Greeks? • ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Imagine you are writing a speech about the legacy of the Roman empire. What would you identify as its most enduring contributions. • ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

14. Jarrett-Unit 2: Answer Sheet Slide 24 The First Civilizations Greece: Location:_________ ________________ ________________ Characteristics_____ __________________________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ Achievements:_____ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ Rome: Location:_________ ________________ ________________ Characteristics_____ __________________________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ Achievements:_____ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ Persia: Location:_________ ________________ ________________ Characteristics_____ __________________________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ Achievements:_____ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

15. Jarrett-Unit 2: STAAR REVIEW SHEET Name:

16. Jarrett-Unit 2: STAAR REVIEW SHEET pg. 2

17. SPREAD IDEAS Identify a world religion: Then fill in boxes. Label w/ color – shade on map the area of origination and spread. ORIGIN TRADITION Jarrett-Unit 2: STAAR REVIEW SHEET pg. 3