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Oxidation Numbers

Oxidation Numbers. Oxidation Numbers. An oxidation number is the charge ( or the apparent charge ) of an element in a formula. +1. -1. NaCl. +1. -2. H 2 O. 0. Fe. +6. -2. SO 4 2-. Oxidation Numbers.

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Oxidation Numbers

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  1. Oxidation Numbers

  2. Oxidation Numbers • An oxidation number is the charge (or the apparent charge) of an element in a formula. +1 -1 NaCl +1 -2 H2O 0 Fe +6 -2 SO42-

  3. Oxidation Numbers • The sum of the oxidation numbers for each atom in a formula is ALWAYS equal to the total charge of the formula! +1 -1 NaCl +1 -2 H2O 0 Fe +6 -2 SO42-

  4. Oxidation Numbers • The oxidation number for free elements is ALWAYS zero (0)! • The oxidation number for monoatomic ions is ALWAYS equal to the charge of the ion! 0 0 0 Na Cl2 S -2 -1 +1 Na1+ Cl1- S2-

  5. Oxidation Numbers • When they are bonded to different elements… • The oxidation number for group 1 elements is ALWAYS +1! (except hydrogen) • The oxidation number for group 2 elements is ALWAYS +2! • The oxidation number for silver (Ag) is ALWAYS +1! • The oxidation number for zinc (Zn ) is ALWAYS +2! • The oxidation number for aluminum (Al) is ALWAYS +3! • The oxidation number for fluorine (F) is ALWAYS -1! Na Ca Ag Zn Al F

  6. Oxidation Numbers “The Sweet Sixteen Elements”

  7. Oxidation Numbers H • The oxidation number for hydrogen is USUALLY +1. In hydrides, the oxidation number for hydrogen is –1. • The oxidation number for oxygen is USUALLY –2. In peroxides, the oxidation number for oxygen is –1. In OF2, the oxidation number for oxygen is +2. O

  8. Oxidation Numbers • The more electronegative element is assigned the negative oxidation number • In BINARY formulas, the oxidation number for: • group 17 elements is USUALLY –1. • group 16 elements is USUALLY –2. • group 15 elements is USUALLY –3. Cl S N

  9. Oxidation Numbers • In ALL formulas for compounds and ions, metals ALWAYS have a positive oxidation number. • In MOST formulas, the first part is assigned a positive oxidation number and the second part is assigned a negative oxidation number. +4 -2 +1 -1 -3 +1 NO2 NH3 KBr

  10. Oxidation Numbers +2 -1 Ex. (1) CaCl2 Ex. (2) XeF2 Ex. (3) Hg22+ Ex. (4) S8 -1 +2 +1 0

  11. Oxidation Numbers -1 Ex. (5) F1- Ex. (6) KHCO3 Ex. (7) Pb Ex. (8) FeSO4 +1 +1 +4 -2 0 -2 +2 +6 -2

  12. Oxidation Numbers +6 -2 Ex. (9) SO3 Ex.(10) MnO42- Ex.(11) Cu1+ Ex.(12) NH4NO3 +6 -2 +1 +1 -1 -3 +1 +5 -2

  13. Oxidation Numbers -1 +2 +5 -2 Ex.(13) Sn(NO3)2 Ex.(14) CaH2 Ex.(15) C2O42- Ex.(16) I2 +2 -1 +3 -2 0

  14. Oxidation Numbers +4 -2 Ex.(17) SO32- Ex.(18) N2O5 Ex.(19) NiS Ex.(20) PCl5 +5 -2 +2 + -2 +5 -1

  15. Oxidation Numbers +1 -1 Ex.(21) Na2O2 Ex.(22) AlCl3 Ex.(23) NH3 Ex.(24) NaClO +3 -1 -3 +1 +1 +1 -2

  16. Oxidation Numbers 0 Ex.(25) Ag Ex.(26) Zn3(PO4)2 Ex.(27) S2O32- Ex.(28) O22- -3 +2 +5 -2 +2 -2 -1

  17. Oxidation Numbers +1 +5 -2 Ex.(29) KNO3 Ex.(30) Ag2CrO4 Ex.(31) Na2X Ex.(32) M2O +1 +6 -2 +1 -2 -2 +1

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