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School reform. Nick Cefali , Mike Najarian , and Lucia Garabo. Before the 1800’s. No educational policy No attendance law Mostly private schools Massachusetts and Vermont: only states to pass attendance laws Most kids only went until age 10 Classrooms not divided by grade.
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School reform Nick Cefali, Mike Najarian, and Lucia Garabo
Before the 1800’s • No educational policy • No attendance law • Mostly private schools • Massachusetts and Vermont: only states to pass attendance laws • Most kids only went until age 10 • Classrooms not divided by grade
School reform begins • Increasing demand for tax-supported public schools • Pennsylvania established tax-supported public school system • -Reactions from the people: • -didn’t want to support public schools (children went to mainly private ones) • -German immigrants feared their children would forget the language and culture • Within 3 years, 42% of children in Pennsylvania were attending public schools
Horace manN • First secretary for the Board of Education of Massachusetts • Held teachers conventions • Made speeches and lectures • Planned and introduced school systems in 2 cities • Founded and edited The Common School Journal • Worked for better school houses, longer school years, higher pay for teachers, and a wider curriculum • Got tax doubled towards schools
Schools • 1850: Every state had some form of public school system or education system One room schoolhouse before the reform Schoolhouse after the reform
