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Intelligent Agents: Technology and Applications Agent Communications

Intelligent Agents: Technology and Applications Agent Communications. IST 597B Spring 200 3 John Yen. Learning Objective. Given a multi-agent application, be able to design agent communication schemes. Given an agent communication action, be able to describe its underlying semantics.

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Intelligent Agents: Technology and Applications Agent Communications

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  1. Intelligent Agents: Technology and ApplicationsAgent Communications IST 597B Spring 2003 John Yen

  2. Learning Objective • Given a multi-agent application, be able to design agent communication schemes. • Given an agent communication action, be able to describe its underlying semantics.

  3. Problem (5%) • Intel, AMD, and several other PC chip makers have established a consortium to establish a virtual market place (VMP). The vision is that each company can create agents to go into this VMP to interact with other up-stream agents (representing the suppliers) for quotes and with down-stream agents (representing the PC makers) for sales forecast. • Your team is asked to identify key technical issues involved in establishing such a VMP.

  4. Agent Communication • KIF: A language for the “content” of general agent communication • KQML: A language for the “message structure” of agent communication • Standards for agent communication protocols (e.g., DAML/S).

  5. KIF • Knowledge Interchange Format • A standard logic-based language for describing an agent’s questions and answers • Produced by a Knowledge Sharing Effort funded by Defense Advanced Project Agency • Initially designed for agents to share what they know

  6. KQML • Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language • It describes the “speech act” of the message using a set of performatives. • Each performantive has required and optional arguments. • The content language of the message is not part of KQML, but can be specified by KQML performatives.

  7. An Example (stream-all :content “(PRICE ?my-profolio ?price)” :receiver stock-server :language LPROLOG :ontology NYSE) The stream-all performative asks a set of answers to be turned into a stream of replies.

  8. KQML Performatives • It describes the speech acts of the message. • It specifies the communication protocol to be used. • Classified into seven categories.

  9. An Example of Protocol • A ---- monitor -----> B • A <---- ready --------- B • A ------ next ---------> B • A <----- reply --------- B • …. • A ----- discard -------> B

  10. Categories of Performatives • Basic Query: Evaluate, ask-if, ask-about, ask-one, ask-all • Multi-response Query: stream-about, stream-all, eos • Response: reply, sorry • Generic information: tell, achieve, cancel, untell, unachieve

  11. Categories of Performatives • Generator: standby, ready, next, rest, discard, generator • Capability-definition: advertise, recommend, subscribe, monitor, import, export • Networking: register, unregister, forward, broadcast, route

  12. Capability-definition Performatives • Advertise: Announce what kinds of information requests the agent can handle (advertise :ontology NYSE :language LOOM :content (monitor :content (PRICE ?x ?y))) • Recommend: Ask for recommendations of agents that can handle a particular kinds of information requests.

  13. Protocols with Facilitator Agents F: facilitator F <--- advertise(x) ---- B A --- recommend(x) --> F A <--- reply(B) ----- F A ------------------- monitor ----------------> B ….

  14. Semantics of Communication Actions • Enable us to compose more complicated communicative actions from primitive ones. • Enable an agent to reason about the mental states of the other agents involved in the communications. • Facilitates a more principled approach to establish communication protocol.

  15. Semantics of Communication Actions Attempt for the speaker to establish a mutual belief with the addressee

  16. Semantics of Assert Performative (Cohen & Levesque) • The speaker attempts to establish a joint belief with the receiver that • The speaker believes the information • Whether the receives accept the belief depends on the reply (accept or reject)

  17. Semantics of ProAssert • The speaker attempts to establish a joint belief with the receiver that • The speaker believes the information • The speaker believes that the receiver needs the information

  18. Semantics of ProAssert • An attempt for the speaker (s) to establish a joint belief that • S believes in the information (p) • S believes that the receiver (a) needs the information.

  19. Responses to ProAssert Three possible responses to ProAssert: • Accept: The receiver believes the information • Reject1: The receiver refuses the information because the information is contradictory to its beliefs. Reject2: The receiver refuses the information because it believes it does not need the information

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