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Atoms and Ions

Learn about atoms and ions: their structures, charges, and how ions are formed from neutral atoms. Explore key concepts of protons, electrons, and net charges in different elements.

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Atoms and Ions

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  1. Atoms and Ions 2 _____ 2 _______ In a Neutral Atom of an Element: The # of _________(-) = The # of _______(+)

  2. This represents an ____ of the element ________ ( __P’s & __ e-’s)

  3. We have now taken one electron away from Lithium!

  4. It still has _ Protons, but now only _ electrons! (Neutrons haven’t changed)

  5. This is no longer called “A Lithium Atom”. It is now called a Lithium ___.

  6. + - - + + Because Protons are Positive (+) and Electrons are Negative (-), this Lithium Ion has 3+’s and 2 –’s.

  7. + - - + + Because Protons are Positive (+) and Electrons are Negative (-), this Lithium Ion has 3+’s and 2 –’s. It has a “Net Charge” of __. ( +3 and –2 = __)

  8. An Ion is an atom in which # of ________ # of ________ (Neutrons don’t matter here) An Ion can also be defined as an atom with a ____ _______ (Protons or Electrons are “left over”)

  9. + A Lithium ___ is shown as having a net +1 charge.

  10. + Li+ The symbol for a Lithium Ion is ___

  11. (Take out your Periodic Table!) A Neutral Sodium (Na) Atom has ____ Protons(+) and ___ Electrons(-)

  12. Has __ Electrons(-) around the outside. Na Has __ Protons(+) in the Nucleus (Take out your Periodic Table!) A Neutral Sodium (Na) Atom has __ Protons(+) and __ Electrons(-)

  13. Has __ Electrons(-) around the outside. Na Has __ Protons(+) in the Nucleus A Neutral Sodium atom has a net charge of _____

  14. OKAY. Let’s REMOVE an electron from the Sodium Atom!

  15. It still has __ Protons(+), but now it only has __ Electrons(-) (There is ONE P(+) left over!) Has __ Electrons(-) around the outside. Na Has __ Protons(+) in the Nucleus

  16. It still has __ Protons(+), but now it only has __ Electrons(-) (There is ONE P(+) left over!) The NET CHARGE is__ Has __ Electrons(-) around the outside. Na Has __ Protons(+) in the Nucleus

  17. It still has __ Protons(+), but now it only has __ Electrons(-)(There is ONE P(+) left over!)The NET CHARGE is__ A Sodium Ion has the symbol ___ Has __ Electrons(-) around the outside. Na Has __ Protons(+) in the Nucleus

  18. (Take out your Periodic Table!) A Neutral Magnesium (Mg) Atom has ____ Protons(+) and ___ Electrons(-)

  19. Has __ Electrons(-) around the outside. Mg Has __ Protons(+) in the Nucleus (Take out your Periodic Table!) A Neutral Magnesium (Mg) Atom has __ Protons(+) and __ Electrons(-)

  20. Magnesium tends to easily lose 2 electrons!

  21. It now has __ Protons(+) and __ Electrons(-) Has __ Electrons(-) around the outside. Mg Has __ Protons(+) in the Nucleus

  22. The NET CHARGE on this Magnesium ion is now _______ And the symbol for a Magnesium ion is: _________

  23. So an Mg2+ ion has ___Protons(+) and ___Electrons(-)

  24. So an Mg2+ ion has __ Protons(+) and __ Electrons(-) The ATOMIC NUMBER on the Periodic Table If the NET CHARGE is 2+, it means it has 2LESS Electrons than Protons! (Protons don’t change, only Electrons!)

  25. An Al3+ ion has ___Protons(+) and ___Electrons(-)

  26. So an Al3+ ion has __ Protons(+) and __ Electrons(-) The ATOMIC NUMBER on the Periodic Table If the NET CHARGE is 3+, it means it has 3LESS Electrons than Protons! (Protons don’t change, only Electrons!)

  27. Electrons can be ADDED to Neutral Atoms to make IONS. If an Ion has MORE Electrons(-) than Protons(+), the NET CHARGE on that ion is (positive/negative) ___________

  28. (Take out your Periodic Table!) A Neutral Fluorine (F) Atom has ____ Protons(+) and ___ Electrons(-)

  29. A Neutral Fluorine (F) Atom has __ Protons(+) and ___ Electrons(-) Has __ Electrons(-) around the outside. F Has __ Protons(+) in the Nucleus

  30. So a Neutral Fluorine Atom (9P’s and 9e-’s) has a NET CHARGE of _______

  31. If we add ONE Electron to a Neutral Fluorine Atom, it will now have ___P’s(+) and ___e-’s(-) and the NET CHARGE on the ion will be ___. The symbol for a Fluoride Ion is ______

  32. The ion O2- has ___Protons and ___Electrons.

  33. The ion O2- has __ Protons and __ Electrons. This is the ATOMIC NUMBER of Oxygen A NET CHARGE of 2- means it has 2 MORE Electrons(-) than Protons(+)

  34. The ion As3- has ___Protons and ___Electrons.

  35. On the top right of each element on the Periodic Table is the ______ ________ of the most common ion of each element.

  36. The top left on the Periodic Table shows the ______ NUMBER or # of ________.

  37. In a Neutral Atom (Atom) of an Element, the # of e-’s = # of P’s So a (neutral) potassium atom has ___ protons and ___ electrons

  38. The NET CHARGE on a potassium ION is + (means +1) This means that there is ONE LESS electron than protons This means that there is ONE LESS electron than protons So a potassium ION has ___ protons and ___ electrons

  39. The NET CHARGE on a Scandium ION is 3+ (means +3) This means that there is ONE LESS electron than protons This means that there are THREELESS electrons than protons So a Scandium ION has __ protons and __ electrons

  40. Iron (Fe) can form TWO DIFFERENT ions: One with a net charge of 3+

  41. Iron (Fe) can form TWO DIFFERENT ions: One with a net charge of 3+ This ion Fe3+ would have __ Protons and __ Electrons

  42. Iron (Fe) can form TWO DIFFERENT ions: The other ion would have a net charge of 2+( Iron(II) )

  43. Iron (Fe) can form TWO DIFFERENT ions: The other ion would have a net charge of 2+( Iron(II) ) This ion Fe2+ would have __ Protons and __ Electrons

  44. Negative Ions (Ions of NON-METALS) change the ending of their names to IDE, So Cl- is called a CHLORIDE ion.

  45. The NET CHARGE on a Chloride ION is - (means -1) This means that there is ONE LESS electron than protons This means that there is ONE MORE electron than protons So a chloride ION (Cl-) has ___ protons and ___ electrons

  46. The NET CHARGE on a Sulphide ION is 2- (means -2) This means that there is TWOMORE electrons than protons This means that there is ONE LESS electron than protons So a Sulphide ION (S2-) has __ protons and __ electrons

  47. A Sulphur atom has __ Protons and__ Electrons.

  48. Remember, this means the NET CHARGE on an ION, not on an ATOM

  49. Use your Periodic Table to find the # of Protons and # of Electrons in each of the following:

  50. Remember that given Nuclear Notation, we can find the number of Protons and Neutrons:

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