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Terror and Control

Terror and Control. WHAT WAS THE NKVD ? . It was the secret police of the Soviets Controled everything mostly with toture and deaths. Evidential standards were very low: an evidence that wasn't really proved an was given by an anonymous informer was considered enough to allow an arrest. .

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Terror and Control

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  1. Terror and Control

  2. WHAT WAS THE NKVD? • It was the secret police of the Soviets • Controled everything mostly with toture and deaths. • Evidential standards were very low: an evidence that wasn't really proved an was given by an anonymous informer was considered enough to allow an arrest.  • When things were discussed at the Politburo (the executive committee for a number of communist political parties), Stalin told that the one who criticize him should be arrested and executed

  3. Activities Domestic control , ran the Gulag system of forced labor camps, conducted espionage and political assassinations, spread Stalinist communist ideas in other countries. International operations, kidnappings, assassinations, investigations ,conducted mass deportations to unpopulated regions of the country, guarded state borders

  4. Gulag • Tasks of the Five-Year Plans too big and ambitious. • Not enough workers. • Prison camps became labor camps, prisoners became slaves. Prisoners working on Belomor Canal, slave labor in 1930´s

  5. Special Dpt. Of Secret Police was set up in 1930 to run labor camps. • This is Gulag, Chief Administration of Camps. • The prisoners were called zeks. • The prisoners grew from start of 5 Year Plans from 30,000 to 8 million in 1938. • Some of the camps had really bad conditions, one of them was the Kolyma camps. Prisoners in the Kolyma camps. Winter -40 degrees.

  6. a. To rid (a nation or political party, for example) of people considered undesirable. b. To get rid of (people considered undesirable). The Great Purge Political repression It lasted for 2 years, from 1936 to 1938. The most harsh times were from 1937 to 1938.This period of time was called Yezhovshchina.

  7. Were public trials and were given maximum publicity and the press was invited. • They were held at Moscow, the Soviet Union’s capital city at that time, from 1936 to 1938. • The defendants were first arrested by the NKVD. • The crimes that were judged were related to conspiracy, terrorism and spying. • The veredicts were predetermined and the confessions obtained through torture and threats against the families. Show Trials Stalin, Rykov, Kamenev and Zinoviev

  8. Trial of theSixteen • The first of the show trials. • It was held in the House of the Trade Unions from August 19 to 24, 1936. • They were accused of involvement in a conspiracy lorganised by Trotsky to overthrow the Government. • Only one defendant didn’t confess to the accusations made against him. • All of them were shot the day after.

  9. Trial of theSeventeen • Held in January 1937 • Itinvolved 17 lesser figures. • 13 wereshot and therestweresenttolabourcamps. • Karl Radekwasspared as he implicatedothers, such as Bukharin and Rykov. • Western observersthatattendedtothetrialsthoughttheywerefair. Trial of theGenerals

  10. Trial of theTwenty-one • Last and biggest of thetrials, itwasheld in March 1938. • Theaccusedconfessedtobeingmembers of a “Trotskyist-Rightist bloc”. • Allwerefoundguilty and shot. • Theconfessionsoftensoundedabsurd and onlyfewpeoplebelievedeverythingaboutthem. • Itinvolvedthelastgroup of oldbolsheviks.

  11. 1918 1912 1991

  12. Ordinary Soviet’s Censorship Didyouknow? The soviet govermenterasedany trace of existance of peoplethatwereimprisioned, sentto exile orexecutedbydeletingthemfromphotos, booksdestroying films and in themost extreme cases bykillingtheirentirefamily. On Stalin’s dictatorship 1928- 1953

  13. CensoringTexts • Soviets destroyed pre-revoloutionary,foreignbooks and journalsfromlibraries. The KGB(ComiteeforState Security) weretheonlyoneswhokeptsome of thesebannedtextswhichweresaidtocontainold and politicallyincorrect material. • Manyciviliansdestroyedbooksthemselvesbecausetheyfearedtheycouldbepersecutedforhaving a bannedbook. • Ifsomeonewroteabout Stalin in a negativewaytheycouldbeexecuted.

  14. Censoring(and altering) Images • Thegovermenttriedto erase peoplethatwerepurgedfromtheirhistorybyremovingthemfromnotonlytextsbutposters and photostoo. Didyouknow? Themanonthefarrightwas Nikolai Yezhovwhen he was water commissar. After he got fired, arrested and shot, this image was manipulated to erase any trace of his existance.

  15. No Trotsky Trotsky • Trotsky, Lev Kamenev and  • Artemy Khalatov • No Trotsky, Lev Kamenev or • Artemy Khalatov

  16. EditedSigns OriginalSings • Alexander Malchenko • No Alexander Malchenko

  17. Censoringotherthings. Religion • Stalin orderedtodestroychurches, and around 40 thousandchristianchurches and 25 thousand mosques(Islam temples) wereshutdown. Newspapers • Newspaperswerecontroledbythegoverment and anywhodaredtowriteanarticleagainst Stalin wouldbeimprisioned, exiledorexecutedaccordingtowhobaditwas.

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