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Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN - FLOORS, WALLS & BASEMENTS. Floors, walls at substructure level and basements are at the interface between the ground under the building and the building interior.
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Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN - FLOORS, WALLS & BASEMENTS
Floors, walls at substructure level and basements are at the interface between the ground under the building and the building interior. • Basic functional requirements are to be structurally sound and to provide a waterproof barrier between the ‘wet’ supporting ground and the dry interior of the building. Generally waterproofing barriers come in three forms. • DPCs Damp proof courses • DPMs Damp proof membranes • Tanking
In addition structures below the ground may also need to withstand the horizontal pressure of the soil and sometimes water. In such situations the structure acts as a retaining wall. At ground level, floors and their surrounding structures not only need to stop moisture entering the building and support the surrounding soil, but like foundations the floors need to be stable. Floors need to be able to support all applied loads without settlement.
Pre-cast concrete ground floor with timber decking and insulation
Ground supported concrete slab with insulation located below the slab Ground supported concrete slab with insulation located below the screed
Ground supported slab - with the feel of a suspended floor
Larger ground supported floors Large area construction. In the background (left) a laser screed machine is spreading and levelling the concrete. To the right a dry shake finish is being spread mechanically. In the foreground, the concrete placed several hours earlier is being finished by a power float and a ride-on power trowel. Concrete industrial ground floors : Concrete Society
Long strip construction, allowing access for levelling using a highway straightedge.
Sawn free-movement joint. Sawn restrained-movement joint (shown with fabric).