Ernest Hemingway

1. Ernest Hemingway English II Biotechnology High School

2. The Man Behind the Words • Born - July 21, 1899, Oak Park, Illinois • Mother - Grace Hall • Opera singer before marrying Ernest’s dad • He never forgave her for dressing him in girl clothes, giving him a girl’s haircut, and passing him off to neighbors as her daughter __________ • Father - Clarence Edmonds Hemingway • Taught Ernest to love outdoor life • Took own life in 1928 after losing health (diabetes) and money (Florida real estate bubble)

3. More About Young Ernest • Education • Public schools in Oak Park • Published earliest stories and poems in school newspaper • Graduated from hs in 1917 • Worked six months as __________ for Kansas City Star

4. Interests • Hunting • Fishing • Traveling • Safari • ______________ (watching it, not participating!) • Drinking

5. Army Career • World War I • Joined volunteer ____________ unit in Italy • Suffered severe leg wound (1918) • Had affair with American nurse during his recovery (basis for A Farewell to Arms) • Decorated twice by the Italian government for his service

6. After the War • Worked as journalist in __________ • Moved to Paris in 1921 • "If you are lucky enough to have lived in Paris as a young man, then wherever you go for the rest of your life, it stays with you, for Paris is a moveable feast.”

7. In Europe • The center of the modernist movement • Modernism - a style or movement in the arts that aims to break with classical and traditional forms • Associated himself with writers such as Gertrude Stein and ___________

8. Gertrude Stein • Catalyst in modern art and literature movements • Loved sentence diagrams! (but try to diagram one of hers!) • Supposedly coined the term “_______ Generation” for American expatriates • Expatriate - person who lives outside his/her native country

9. Gertrude Stein • “Out of kindness comes redness and out of rudeness comes rapid same question, out of an eye comes research, out of selection comes painful cattle.” • “The change of color is likely and a difference a very little difference is prepared. Sugar is not a vegetable.” • Listen to excerpt from “Miss Furr and Miss Skeene”

10. From Hemingway’s “Mr. and Mrs. Elliott” • “Mr. and Mrs. Elliot tried very hard to have a baby. They tried as often as Mrs. Elliot could stand it. They tried in Boston after they were married and they tried coming over on the boat. They did not try very often on the boat because Mrs. Elliot was quite sick. She was sick and when she was sick she was sick as Southern women are sick.”

11. Hemingway Said... • “She lost all sense of taste when she had the menopause. Was really an extraordinary business. Suddenly she couldn't tell a good picture from a bad one, a good writer from a bad one, it all went phtt.” • This was in reference to Gertrude Stein

12. F. Scott Fitzgerald • You know about him already, don’t you? • Edited some of Hemingway’s drafts • Acted as his ___________ • Hemingway portrayed Fitzgerald in a somewhat negative light in A Moveable Feast - friendship suffered for it • Fitzgerald regretted the lost friendship

13. Travels (He’s SO an Orange!) • Toured with wife (Elizabeth Hadley ____________) • Italy, France, Switzerland • Traveled as reporter (1922) • Turkey, Greece (reported on the war between them) • Two trips to Spain (1923) • Bullfights!

14. Major Works • The Sun Also Rises (1924-1926) • First great success • ____________ by American journalist • Group of expatriates in France and Spain • Members of the Lost Generation • A Farewell to Arms (1929) • Italian front in WWI • Two lovers find brief happiness • For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) • Set during ______________ Civil War

15. Nobel Prize • Awarded Nobel Prize for Literature (1954) • Unable to attend award ceremony • Recovering from injuries sustained when ___________________

16. A Later Success • The Old Man and the Sea (1952) • Cuban fisherman named Santiago (modeled off of a fisherman who worked on Hemingway’s boat) • Catches giant marlin after weeks of disappointment • Story of his journey with the marlin - comes back with nothing but won a ___________ battle

17. A Whole Lotta Weddings • Divorced Elizabeth (1927) • Married Pauline Pfeiffer in the same year (suspicious!) • Third wife (1940) - Martha Gellhorn - writer and war correspondent • She called Hemingway her “unwilling companion” • Bitter divorce (1945) • Fourth wife - Mary Welsh - correspondent for __________ magazine

18. A Warning About Alcohol • Hemingway started drinking when he was a reporter • Built up tolerance • Downward spiral (1940s) • Heard voices in his head • Became overweight • Had high blood pressure • Cirrhosis of the liver • Taught 12-year-old son to drink (son later became an alcoholic)

19. Tidbits • Went on hunting expeditions in Africa and Wyoming • Went deep-sea fishing off Cuba, Key West, and Bahamas • Bought house in Cuba - a paradise for his many cats! • Lived there until ___________’s revolution in 1959 - then moved back to America • Childhood nickname: ___________ • Nickname in his older years: Papa

20. The Later Years • Depression - hospitalized at the Mayo Clinic (1960 - released in 1961) • Two months of electroshock therapy • July 2, 1961 • Committed suicide with his favorite shotgun in his Idaho home • Posthumous publication - True at First Light • Considered one of the worst books by a Nobel Prize winning author

21. The Iceberg Theory • “If a writer of prose knows enough about what he is writing about, he may omit things that he knows and the reader . . . will have a feeling of those things as though the writer had stated them.” • In other words, when you write, just show the tip of the iceberg

22. Writing Style • Deceptively simple - straightforward • Understatement and omission (see Iceberg Theory) • Repetition • Spare dialogue • Focus on facts • “Find what gave you the emotion; what the action was that gave you the excitement. Then write it down making it clear so the reader will see it too and have the same feeling as you had.”

23. Writing Style • Few adjectives or adverbs • Simple sentences (let’s diagram some!) • Concise, vivid • He noted that, “a writer’s style should be direct and personal, his imagery rich and earthy, and his words simple and vigorous. The greatest writers have the gift of brevity, are hard workers, diligent scholars and competent stylists.”

24. The Hemingway Hero • Sometimes referred to as the “________ hero” • Easily identifiable • A man’s man • Moved from one love affair to another • Participated in game hunting • Enjoyed bullfights • Drank wildly

25. The Hemingway Hero • Soldiers, hunters, bullfighters, etc. • Tough, courageous, honest • Courage and honesty set against the brutal ways of modern society • Lose ________________ because of this confrontation

26. The Six Word Story For sale: baby shoes, never worn.